Projects

#	Title	Team Members	TA	Professor	Documents	Sponsor
1	Waste Bin Monitoring System Most Commercially Promising Project	Allen Steinberg Benjamin Gao Matt Rylander	Nikhil Arora	Arne Fliflet	design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf presentation1.pdf proposal2.pdf video
	# Team Members: - Matthew Rylander (mjr7) - Allen Steinberg (allends2) - Benjamin Gao (bgao8) # Problem Restaurants produce large volumes of waste every day which can lead to many problems like overflowing waste bins, smelly trash cans, and customers questioning the cleanliness of a restaurant if it is not dealt with properly. Managers of restaurants value cleanliness as one of their top priorities. Not only is the cleanliness of restaurants required by law, but it is also intrinsically linked to their reputation. Customers can easily judge the worth of a restaurant by how clean they keep their surroundings. A repulsive odor from a trash can, pests such as flies, roaches, or rodents building up from a forgotten trash can, or even just the sight of a can overflowing with refuse can easily reduce the customer base of an establishment. With this issue in mind, there are many restaurant owners and managers that will likely purchase a device that will help them monitor the cleanliness of aspects of their restaurants. With the hassle of getting an employee to leave their station, walk to a trash can out of sight or far away, possibly even through external weather conditions, and then return to their station after washing their hands, having a way to easily monitor the status of trash cans from the kitchen or another location would be convenient and save time for restaurant staff. Fullness of each trash can isn’t the only motivating factor to change out the trash. Maybe the trash can is mostly empty, but is extremely smelly. People are usually unable to tell if a trash can is smelly just from sight alone, and would need to get close to it, open it up, and expose themselves to possible smells in order to determine if the trash needs to be changed. # Solution Our project will have two components: 1. distributed sensor tags on the trash can, and 2. A central hub for collecting data and displaying the state of each trash can. The sensor tags will be mounted to the top of a waste bin to monitor fullness of the can with an ultrasonic sensor, the odor/toxins in the trash with an air quality/gas sensor, and also the temperature of the trash can as high temperatures can lead to more potent smells. The tags will specifically be mounted on the underside of the trash can lids so the ultrasonic sensor has a direct line of sight to the trash inside and the gas sensor is directly exposed to the fumes generated by the trash, which are expected to migrate upward past the sensor and out the lid of the can. The central hub will have an LCD display that will show all of the metrics described in the sensor tags and alert workers if one of the waste bins needs attention with a flashing LED. The hub will also need to be connected to the restaurant’s WiFi. This system will give workers one less thing to worry about in their busy shifts and give managers peace of mind knowing that workers will be warned before a waste bin overflows. It will also improve the customer experience as they will be much less likely to encounter overflowing or smelly trash cans. # Solution Components ## Sensor Tag Subsystem x2 Each trash can will be fitted with a sensor tag containing an ultrasonic sensor transceiver pair, a hazardous gas sensor, a temperature sensor, an ESP32 module, and additional circuitry necessary for the functionality of these components. The sensors will be powered with 3.3V or 5V DC from a wall adapter. A small hole will need to be drilled into the side of each trash can to accommodate the wall adapter output cord. They may also need to be connected to the restaurant’s WiFi. - 2x ESP32-S3-WROOM https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/espressif-systems/ESP32-S3-WROOM-1-N16R2/16162644 - 2x Air Quality Sensor (ZMOD4410) https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/renesas-electronics-corporation/ZMOD4410AI1R/8823799 - 2x Temperature/Humidity Sensor(DHT22) https://www.amazon.com/HiLetgo-Digital-Temperature-Humidity-Replace/dp/B01DA3C452?source=ps-sl-shoppingads-lpcontext&ref_=fplfs&psc=1&smid=A30QSGOJR8LMXA#customerReviews - 2x Ultrasonic Transmitter/Receiver https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/cui-devices/CUSA-R75-18-2400-TH/13687422 https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/cui-devices/CUSA-T75-18-2400-TH/13687404 ## Central Hub Subsystem The entire system will be monitored from a central hub containing an LCD screen, an LED indicator light, and additional I/O modules as necessary. It will be based around an ESP32 module connected to the restaurant’s WiFi or ESPNOW P2P protocol that communicates with the sensor tags. The central hub will receive pings from the sensor tags at regular intervals, and if the central hub determines that one or more of the values (height of trash, air quality index, or temperature) are too high, it will notify the user. This information will be displayed on the hub’s LCD screen and the LED indicator light on the hub will flash to alert the restaurant staff of the situation. - 1x ESP32-S3-WROOM https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/espressif-systems/ESP32-S3-WROOM-1-N16R2/16162644 - 1x LCD Screen https://www.amazon.com/Hosyond-Display-Compatible-Mega2560-Development/dp/B0BWJHK4M6/ref=sr_1_4?keywords=3.5%2Binch%2Blcd&qid=1705694403&sr=8-4&th=1 # Criteria For Success This project will be successful if the following goals are met: - The sensor tags can detect when a trash can is almost full (i.e. when trash is within a few inches of the lid) and activate the proper protocol in the central hub. - The sensor tags can detect when an excess of noxious fumes are being produced in a trash can and activate the proper protocol in the central hub. - The sensor tags can detect when the temperature in a trash can has exceeded a user-defined threshold and activate the proper protocol in the central hub. - The central hub can receive wireless messages from all sensor tags reliably and correctly identify which trash cans are sending the messages.
2	Seeing Ⓘ Hat	Matthew Esses Mitchell Gilmer Shreya Venkat	Sanjana Pingali	Arne Fliflet	design_document1.pdf design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf presentation1.pptx proposal1.pdf
	# Seeing Ⓘ Hat Team Members Shreya Venkat (shreyav3) Mitchell Kalogridis Elekzandros Varik Gilmer (gilmer2) Matthew Esses (messes2) # PROBLEM Individuals with visual impairments encounter difficulties in independent navigation of their surroundings, causing lowered spatial awareness and concern with their personal safety.While there are solutions such as canes or seeing eye dogs, there is an issue with detecting range for objects further than a meter out. Seeing eye dogs only take the owner into a certain direction and are used to make sure the user stays in a straight line from their directions. Dogs can unfortunately become distracted by things like food or children petting the, even with training. Also, there are likely people allergic to dogs or with traumatic experiences that wouldn't want one, while the dog requires being taken care of constantly as a pet. # SOLUTION We want to make a hat designed to empower blind individuals by offering a 360-degree field of view. It will use advanced LiDAR sensors for wayfinding and dead reckoning, and Doppler RADARs for collision detection. This technology translates the surrounding environment into real-time spatial data, allowing users to navigate their surroundings with newfound independence. The hat also includes vibration motors strategically placed to indicate the direction of the nearest objects, aiding users in easily navigating their environment. # SOLUTION COMPONENTS # Subsystem 0: Microcontroller processing unit - STM32F401: Microcontroller with 11 PWM outputs, massive processing power ## SUBSYSTEM 1: IMAGING AND SENSING SYSTEM This subsystem focuses on capturing real-time spatial data - LIDAR SENSOR USING I2C: Primary imaging sensor for user dead reckoning - Accelerometer and magnetometer Tracking and adjusting user movement for data calculations - HB100 Doppler RADAR: Secondary emergency collision detection sensor - Small LCD screen: Diagnostic tool (not for user, this is for debugging) ## SUBSYSTEM 2: SCANNING MECHANISM This subsystem focuses on the rotation of the scanner and the associated motor control. - Motor Driver: Controlling rotational speed of the scanner using PWM input from the microcontroller - DC Brushless Motor Main mechanical power source - Hall Effect Sensor Circuit: For determining the direct angular positioning of a motor - 3D printed parts and slip ring: Mechanical backbone of project for properly transferring rotation to the LiDAR ## SUBSYSTEM 3: HAPTIC FEEDBACK SYSTEM This subsystem includes vibration motors for providing haptic feedback to the user. - Demultiplexers/Decoders: These receive output from the STM32 and outputs a PWM signal from the microcontroller to the vibration motors. - 16 Vibration Motors: Place vibration motors at various angles within the hat to indicate the direction of the nearest objects. In a power of 2 to mesh with the demultiplexers.. # SUBSYSTEM 4: Battery Power Supply Subsystem: Create boost/buck converter circuits for power supplies to ensure uniform voltage supply. - LiPO batteries - May be 3.7V in series - lightest reasonable weight, small form factor power source - Battery holder: Holding the battery - eFuse current limiter, undercurrent included: Safety sensor for microcontroller and components for rapid shut off - Over/Undervoltage lockout: Safety sensor for components for rapid shut off - Buck converter: Stepping down voltage for microcontroller and sensors ### A buck converter may or may not be required depending on the final motors and microprocessors. The microprocessor is rated for 3.75 - 5.2V. Our preferred method of accomplishing this voltage step down would be a buck converter. The in-line non-switching solutions appear to not be viable with the current draw requirements. ### The microprocessors range is close to the battery pack range. Depending on the final system requirement, the system may be viable to operate on a singular IC provided by Texas Instruments. ### If the buck converter is not an IC, then we would need to build a buck converter using a buck controller. # CRITERION FOR SUCCESS 1) The Hall Effect sensor, magnetometer, and accelerometer are able to provide accurate heading and sensor data for the haptic feedback within 45 degrees accuracy when displaced. 2) Able to image a room, such as ECEB 2072, from the center at resolution of at least 0.2 meters using haptic feedback and with a monitor for others’ viewing as a diagnostic tool with a 360 degree range with an angular resolution and accuracy of 15 degrees. 3) Able to detect objects approaching the user from front, back, below, and both sides within 2 seconds using both the Doppler proximity sensor and the LIDAR. 4) Navigational Success: The Hat successfully aids a blindfolded user in navigating the second and third floors of ECEB without difficulties. 5) Power Supply Stability: Power system safely shuts down during extreme conditions such as battery failure and short circuit conditions without damaging the hardware.
3	Monitor for Dough and Sourdough Starter Honorable Mention	Abhitya Krishnaraj Alec Thompson Jake Hayes	Tianxiang Zheng	Arne Fliflet	design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.png photo2.jpg presentation1.pptx proposal2.pdf video
	Team Members: - Jake Hayes (jhayes) - Abhitya Krishnaraj (abhitya2) - Alec Thompson (alect3) # Problem Making bread at home, especially sourdough, has become very popular because it is an affordable way to get fresh-baked bread that's free of preservatives and other ingredients that many people are not comfortable with. Sourdough also has other health benefits such as a lower glycemic index and greater bioavailability of nutrients. However, the bulk fermentation process (letting the dough rise) can be tricky and requires a lot of attention, which leads to many people giving up on making sourdough. Ideally, the dough should be kept at around 80 degrees F, which is warmer than most people keep their homes, so many people try to find a warm place in their home such as in an oven with a light on; but it's hard to know if the dough is kept at a good temperature. Other steps need to be taken when the dough has risen enough, but rise time varies greatly, so you can't just set a timer; and if you wait too long the dough can start to shrink again. In the case of activating dehydrated sourdough starter, this rise and fall is normal and must happen several times; and its peak volume is what tells you when it's ready to use. # Solution Our solution is to design a device with a distance sensor (probably ultrasonic) and a temperature sensor that can be attached to the underside of most types of lids, probably with magnets. The sensors would be controlled with a microcontroller; and a display (probably LCD) would show the minimum, current, and maximum heights of the dough along with the temperature. This way the user can see at a glance how much the dough has risen, whether it has already peaked and started to shrink, and whether the temperature is acceptable or not. There is no need to remove it from its warm place and uncover it, introducing cold air; and there is no need to puncture it to measure its height or use some other awkward method. The device would require a PCB, microcontroller, sensors, display, and maybe some type of wireless communication. Other features could be added, such as an audible alarm or a graph of dough height and/or temperature over time. # Solution Components ## Height and Temperature Sensors Sensors would be placed on the part of the device that attaches to the underside of a lid. A temperature sensor would measure the ambient temperature near the dough to ensure the dough is kept at an acceptable temperature. A proximity sensor or sensors would first measure the height of the container, then begin measuring the height of the dough periodically. If we can achieve acceptable accuracy with one distance sensor, that would be ideal; otherwise we could use 2-4 sensors. Possible temperature sensor: [Texas Instruments LM61BIZ/LFT3](https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/texas-instruments/LM61BIZ%252FLFT3/12324753) Proximity sensors could be ultrasonic, infrared LED, or VCSEL.\ Ultrasonic: [Adafruit ULTRASONIC SENSOR SONAR DISTANCE 3942](https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/adafruit-industries-llc/3942/9658069)\ IR LED: [Vishay VCNL3020-GS18](https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/Vishay-Semiconductors/VCNL3020-GS18?qs=5csRq1wdUj612SFHAvx1XQ%3D%3D)\ VCSEL: [Vishay VCNL36826S](https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/Vishay-Semiconductors/VCNL36826S?qs=d0WKAl%252BL4KbhexPI0ncp8A%3D%3D) ## MCU An MCU reads data from the sensors and displays it in an easily understandable format on the LCD display. It also reads input from the user interface and adjusts the operation and/or output accordingly. For example, when the user presses the button to reset the minimum dough height, the MCU sends a signal to the proximity sensor to measure the distance, then the MCU reads the data, calculates the height, and makes the display show it as the minimum height. Possible MCU: [STM32F303K8T6TR](https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/STMicroelectronics/STM32F303K8T6TR?qs=sPbYRqrBIVk%252Bs3Q4t9a02w%3D%3D) ## Digital Display - A [4x16 Character LCD](https://newhavendisplay.com/4x16-character-lcd-stn-blue-display-with-white-side-backlight/) would attach to the top of the lid and display the lowest height, current height, maximum height, and temperature. ## User Interface The UI would attach to the top of the lid and consist of a number of simple switches and push buttons to control the device. For example, a switch to turn the device on and off, a button to measure the height of the container, a button to reset the minimum dough height, etc. Possible switch: [E-Switch RA1113112R](https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/e-switch/RA1113112R/3778055)\ Possible button: [CUI Devices TS02-66-50-BK-160-LCR-D](https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/cui-devices/TS02-66-50-BK-160-LCR-D/15634352) ## Power - Rechargeable Lithium Ion battery capable of staying on for a few rounds of dough ([2000 mAh](https://www.microcenter.com/product/503621/Lithium_Ion_Battery_-_37v_2000mAh) or more) along with a USB charging port and the necessary circuitry to charge the battery. The two halves of the device (top and underside of lid) would probably be wired together to share power and send and receive data. ## (stretch goal) Wireless Notification System - Push notifications to a user’s phone whenever the dough has peaked. This would likely be an add-on achieved with a Raspberry Pi Zero, Gotify, and Tailscale. # Criterion For Success - Charge the battery and operate on battery power for at least 10 hours, but ideally a few days for wider use cases and convenience. - Accurately read (within a centimeter) and store distance values, convert distance to dough height, and display the minimum, maximum, and current height values on a display. - Accurately read and report the temperature to the display. - (stretch goal) Inform the user when the dough has peaked (visual, audio, or app based).
4	Auto Sun Visor	Blair Huang Siying Wang Xiaoyang Tian	Douglas Yu	Jonathon Schuh	design_document2.pdf design_document3.pdf final_paper1.pdf presentation1.pdf proposal1.pdf video
	## TITLE ### Auto Sun Visor ## TEAM #### Blair Huang (jh80) #### XiaoYang Tian (xt12) #### SiYing Wang (siyingw2) ## Problem As a driver , when you drive in block or city during sunny day, the sun is strong in front of you and will expose your eye sight under sunlight, and you decide to pull the Sun visor out, then you make a right turn, the sun suddently moved to your left, and you want to pull your wheel while you are adjusting the sun visor because the strong sun light will disturb your eye sight for safety -- approximately 9,000 crashes due to sun glare per year in US (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration). Some people will choose not to hands off their wheel, and adjust the visor after turn, but driving in block means you need to make lots of turns, so people have to keep adjust the visor or just let the sun disturb their eye sight and expose them in to high crash possibility. What if we have a sun visor can adjust automatically according to sun position and you do not need to operate it manually? ## Solution Overview There are self dimmable glasses or electrochromic can easily solve this problem but why not build them in car? If you google the car with dimmable glass, the first and only sure modle pops up is Mercedos-Benz's Magic Sky Control system, and Mercedos is well known luxury car model. My idea in this case is to decrease the budget and tech requirement to achieve safe driving for our era now -- before solid electrochromic or dimmable glass tech get mature and price goes down. ## Solution Break Down ### hardware parts > 1. Linear Actuator > 2. Step Motor > 3. visor board -- light material and smaller sized for demo > 4. level-adjustable light sensor x3 or more > 5. button/switch > 6. PCB part > 7. lithium battery (small charge) ### main function/connection #### sensor unit: I have few light sensor in mind, but need to confirm with the machine shop: the Pulse Light Sensors which is designed to detect rapid changes in light intensity, or ambient light sensor with high threshold, and etc. The two light_sensor4 (Q1: why 2?) will be on front window and side window (Q2: what if some car do not have non-moveable side window?) and connected by wires to the PCB_part6. Based on the scenario, we will consider add more sensors -- add to the top of the window. The basic algorithm will be calculate the difference received between these sensors to detect which sensor is the sun more close to (that's the why we might have a sensor put on the top of the front window glass). The PCB_part6 will have a USB or the round cigarette_lighter_receptacle to colaborate with the car power (normally 12V). (Q3: what if bad weather the sensor be covered?) (Q4: what if someone do not want explicit wires on their car because its too messy?) #### PCB unit: This section refer to the PCB_part6. It will handle the feedback from the sensor which is pre set up to a sense level of certain light intensity to trigger the rotate_unit2 and slide_rail1. (Q5: how will these two sensor be handle and feedback to PCB?) Then the PCB_part6 will send request back to rotate_unit2 and slide_rail1 to let the sun visor to the proper position. #### Power unit: Normally the car will provide 12V, I am not sure if 12V is enough to power up the motor, so one lithium_battery7 is pending, but I am sure we need one battery for motor when the car is powered off: once the PCB unit get powered off, it will start to use the charged up small lithium_battery7, the battery should have enough power to let the sun visor back to original place. #### Switch Unit: Since people will destroy the gear of the Linear Actuator if they try to adjust it manually, we will make a easy controller for people want to manually move it. ### What If... 1. Consider Mid of US do not have much tunnel, but there are lots tunnel in other places, if both light sensor sensed light initially and suddenly no light at all, the visor will not move and keep its position -- if in garage, the power off instruction is established in Power Unit section. 2. If someone is too tall or the car do not have seat height adjust function, the board is able to be adjust manually, this product does not fit for people too short -- if someone is too high, then he won't need the sun visor anyway. 3. Not use sunglass is I think this function should be provide by the car itself, anyone drive this car should enjoy this service, some people wear glass need to buy another degreed sunglass, its very inconvenient. I want to make people's life better. 4. As I checked on internet, the sunlight (can impact people's vision) is much intense compared to car head light, road light, tunnel light, etc. So the sensor should be able to work for certain high value intensity. ### Answers to Qs Q1. Its only two side light possible dangerous for drivers: left side and front for US (for right drive, this is also efficient that people can just stick the front sensor to right side and left side sensor to front) Q2. My SUV have side window, but I know some smaller car do not, however, this design is aim for car industry, I hope car industries can consider this idea and build sensor embeded in cars so we do not need to explicitly stick the sensor to our windows. Q3. Rain day do not need sun visor; Snow day the car heat will melt snow --> turns out no shadow on sensor; leaves fall or car dirt --> the wind will blow the leaves away, and please manually clean up the car dirt or the dirt will also impact your drive safty. Q4. How people hide their car camera wire is how we hide those wire, and we will make the wire be long enough. Also as I stated, I am aiming the idea for more mature car industry, so the car will hide the wires inside car already. Q5. First we set up a basic light intensity level, and once reach that level, we compare two sensor's feedback strength to decide which side have stronger light. I am actually want this process to be more fluent that we culculate the average to decide where exactly is the sun. For example if the level number is 2, the sensor_1 recicved 3 and sensor_2 recived 4, the we can sure the light is more on sensor_2 but also near sensor_1, so we make a 3/4 visor to sensor_2 direction and 1/4 of visor to sensor_1 direction; and if the sensor_1 recicved 2 and sensor_2 recived 4, the visor should all the way go to sensor_2 place. This is just an example, still need culculation and experiment to make sure. Extra Q6: Sunglass would not work first because it does not cover the side view of the sun light, and it will also block the eye sight somehow, second it is inconvenient for people already wear glasses, the third point is the most important point is the side effect caused by vehicle should be solve by vehicle themselves -- it suppose to have the function let people drive it without glare by strong sun light. Extra Q7: The visor do not need to move too low because when the sunlight is low which means sunset or sun raise, which sun intensity will not effect people -- only around noon or after noon. Extra Q8: No GPS installed is because GPS do not provide weather report, and weather report need internet, so if a vehicle is able to connect to internet, then it is fancy enough to install the electrochromic glass. ## Criterion for Success Able to cover the light as the best the visor can do all the time and fulfill all the functionality described above. Device can resolve angle of sun light within an error of +- 10 degrees., the reaction time should be taken with in 0.5 s, so this visor will let people do not have "chance" to see the strong sun light. ## Demo instruction I talked to the machine shop, and they will help me make a "table-like" car-frame that I can hold and turn under one intense light source to trigger the sensor. ## A little bit about me: JH80 I have 5 years drive experience in both US and Japan, and this is a problem I have noticed for a long time, I also did product research, there are no such tech at all, so I decide bring this idea into this course.
5	Running Cadence Monitor Belt	Alex Jin Dante Vasudevan Nick Bergerhouse	Koushik Udayachandran	Viktor Gruev	design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf other1.pdf photo1.png presentation1.pdf proposal2.pdf video
	Team Members: - Nick Bergerhouse (ncb7) - Dante Vasudevan (dgv2) - Alexander Jin (amjin2) # Problem Running cadence is the number of steps a runner takes per minute while running, commonly measured in strides per minute (SPM). It is a useful measurement for runners as it can provide insight into efficiency, form, and stride length. An ideal cadence for most runners typically falls into the range of 170 to 180 SPM although this is dependent on height and pace. Currently there are already products on the market that can measure running cadence. For example, most “running watches” have cadence as an included measurement. However, it can be cumbersome for runners to constantly be switching through display screens to monitor multiple data points at the same time such as pace, heart rate, distance, cadence. Furthermore, unless a runner is running with their arm locked in front of them, continuous monitoring of cadence is impossible with a running watch. Other products take a different approach such as the foot-mounted ARION Footpod non-GPS 1.0 and Stryd. These products can track the cadence over the duration of the run in much the same way that a running watch would, but they don’t have the ability to provide that information to the runner without the use of a watch or smartphone. In both the watch and foot-mounted solution, there is a lack of a product that provides easy, hands-free haptic feedback to the runner informing them when their cadence falls outside of the ideal cadence range. # Solution Our design will consist of a lightweight, belt-mounted device consisting of several PCBs that utilizes an IMU for the purposes of step detection. A running mean time between a certain number of previous steps will be used to calculate the runner’s current cadence. Based on the measured cadence, the microcontroller will control vibration motors to create haptic feedback, which will inform the user based on vibration patterns in real time how to adjust their cadence to achieve perfect running efficiency. The device itself will be mounted on the user’s back, as this is already a popular spot for runners to store items, such as phone mounts or fanny packs. This also increases user comfort by keeping the device clear of the front and sides, where there may be hand movement. The system will be powered by a mobile battery, such as a LiPo battery, that is also connected to the belt. Our solution also offers user customization. Users can adjust their target cadence from the default 180 to any lower target cadence they want. Users will also be able to adjust the strength of the feedback from the haptic motors. # Solution Components Step Measurement (IMU) The Step Measurement board will house the IMU which actually does the detecting in our system. We have tentatively selected the BNO08X family as our IMU. The board will contain the necessary peripheral components, such as pullups/downs, capacitors, etc. BNO08X Family: (small differences in power consumption, calibration, cost.) https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/ceva-technologies-inc/BNO085/9445940 https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/ceva-technologies-inc/BNO086/14114190 Microcontroller The Microcontroller board will house the microcontroller itself as well as the power supply subsystem. There may need to be several voltage regulators as small regulators (to accomplish our unintrusive, lightweight and compact design) generally have low power output. We have tentatively selected the AP2112K-3.3TRG1 as our voltage regulator. We will be integrating a ESP32-C6-WROOM-1-N8 engineering module onto a custom PCB with the required peripherals to configure it, such as basic resistors, capacitors, or diodes. It should also allow it to be programmed from a computer with a Micro-USB or USB-C port,and allow it to be wired to communicate with both the Haptic Feedback board and the Step Measurement board. Inter-board communication will be accomplished with either ribbon cables or jumper wires, depending on the feasibility of physically grouping required signals onto a header on the PCB. ESP32-C6-WROOM-1-N8: https://www.adafruit.com/product/5671 AP2112K-3.3TRG1: https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/diodes-incorporated/AP2112K-3-3TRG1/4470746 Haptic Feedback The Haptic Feedback board will consist of a 2N7002ET7G BJT to allow microcontroller control of the Seeed 316040001 vibrating disk motor we will use to provide haptic feedback. This board will also most likely have its own voltage regulator due to avoiding having any motor power consumption interfere with the microcontroller’s operation. In addition, two low-profile tactile switches will be present on this board to control the desired target cadence and vibration intensity of the system. Their inclusion on this board specifically allows the user to access the controls right next to the source of haptic feedback, allowing convenient location of control. An example low-profile button, the PTS526 SM15 SMTR2 LFS, has been linked. The software on the microcontroller will interpret actions such as holding the button, singular presses, or double presses into commands. The button does not have to be this specific part. Seeed 316040001: https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/seeed-technology-co.,-ltd/316040001/5487672 2N7002ET7G: https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/onsemi/2N7002ET7G/13886993 PTS526 SM15 SMTR2 LFS: https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/c&k/PTS526%2520SM15%2520SMTR2%2520LFS/10056633 # Reach Goal: Phone Bluetooth Connectivity + App for improved user experience Our reach goal utilizes the ESP32 module’s built-in bluetooth antenna to connect with the user's phone. We will develop an app which will work with our device to provide an improved user experience. This app can control the phone’s vibration to provide an alternative source of haptic feedback to the user, provide advanced customization capabilities including the cadence target range and feedback strength, and can track analytics such as the percentage of the run within the desired cadence range. This reach goal can be implemented as an addendum to an already completed device. It is all software implementation; we would need to build the app and modify the arduino code on the ESP32 module. # Criterion For Success - The product must accurately measure cadence of the user. - Vibration motors must activate when cadence becomes too low or high relative to target cadence. - The device must be able to recognize when the user is not running, and will pause counting accordingly. - The product should comfortably fit on the waistline of the runner. - The target cadence and vibration strength of the product must be user adjustable. - The product must be able to run off a battery power source.
6	Mushroom Growing Tent Honorable Mention	Cameron Fuller Dylan Greenhagen Elizabeth Boyer	Abhisheka Mathur Sekar	Viktor Gruev	design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf other1.pdf photo1.jpeg photo3.jpeg presentation1.pdf video
	# Mushroom Growing Tent Project Team Members: - Elizabeth Boyer (eboyer2) - Cameron Fuller (chf5) - Dylan Greenhagen (dylancg2) # Problem Many people want to grow mushrooms in their own homes to experiment with safe cooking recipes, rather than relying on risky seasonal foraging, expensive trips to the store, or time and labor-intensive DIY growing methods. However, living in remote areas, specific environments, or not having the experience makes growing your own mushrooms difficult, as well as dangerous. Without proper conditions and set-up, there are fire, electrical, and health risks. # Solution We would like to build a mushroom tent with humidity and temperature sensors that could monitor the internal temperature and humidity, and heating, and humidity systems to match user settings continuously. There would be a visual interface to display the current temperature and humidity within the environment. It would be medium-sized (around 6 sq ft) and able to grow several batches at a time, with more success and less risk than relying on a DIY mushroom tent. Some solutions to home-grown mushroom automation already exist. However, there is not yet a solution that encompasses all problems we have outlined. Some solutions are too small of a scale, so they don’t have the heating/cooling power for a larger scale solution. Therefore, it’s not enough to yield consistent batches. Additionally, there are solutions that give you a heater, a light set, and a humidifier, but it’s up to the user to juggle all of these modules. These can be difficult to balance and keep an eye on, but also dangerous if the user does not have experience. Spores can get released, heaters can overheat, and bacteria and mold can grow. Our solution offers an all-in-one, simple, user-friendly environment to bulk growing. # Solution Components ## Control Unit and User Interface The control unit and user interface are grouped together because the microcontroller is central to the design of both, and they are closely linked in function. The user interface will involve a display that shows measured or set values for different conditions (temperature, humidity, etc) on a display, such as an LCD display, and the user will have buttons and/or knobs that allow the user to change values. The control unit will be centered around a microcontroller on our PCB with circuitry to connect to the other subsystems. Parts List: 1x Microcontroller 1x PCB, including small buttons and/or knobs, power circuitry 1x Display module 1x Power supply ## Temperature Sensing and Control The temperature sensing and control components will ensure that the grow box stays at the desired temperature that promotes optimal growth. The system will include one temperature sensor that will record the current temperature of the box and feed a data output back into our PCB. From here, the microcontroller in our control unit will read the data received and send the necessary adjustments to a Peltier module. The Peltier module will be able to increase the temperature of the box according to the current temperature of the box and set temperature. Cooling will not be required, as maintaining a minimum temperature is more important than a maximum temperature for growth. Parts List: 1x Temperature Sensor 1x Peltier module ## Humidity Sensing and Control The humidity sensing and control system will work in a similar way to the temperature system, only with different ways to adjust the value. We will have one humidity sensor that will be continually sending data to our PCB. From here, the PCB will determine whether the current value is where it should be, or whether adjustments need to be made. If an increase in humidity is needed, the PCB will send a signal to our misting system which will activate. If a decrease is needed, a signal will be sent to our air cycling system to increase the rate of cycling, thereby decreasing the humidity within the box. Parts List: 1x Humidity Sensor 4x Misting heads Water tubing as needed ## Air Quality Control The air filtration system is run constantly, as healthy mushroom growth (free of bacteria) needs clean, fresh air, and mycelium requires and uses up oxygen as it grows. Additionally, this unit is connected to the hydration sensing unit- external humidity is in most cases going to be lower than internal humidity, and cycling in new air can be used to decrease humidity. When high humidity is detected, the air filtration system will decrease the internal humidity by cycling in less humid air. Parts List: Flexible Air duct length as needed 1x Fan for promoting air cycling # Criteria For Success Our demo will show that each of our subsystems functions as expected and described below: For the control unit and user interface, we will demonstrate that the user can change the set temperature and humidity values through buttons or knobs. The humidity sensing and control system’s functionality will demonstrate that introducing dry air into the device activates the misting system, which requires functional sensors and a water pump. The temperature sensing and control system demo will involve showing that the heater turns on when the measured temperature is below the set temperature. The air quality control system’s success will be demonstrated as air movement coming from the fan enters the tent.
7	Garden Guardian	Aleah Gacek Claire McGrath Nick Hartmann	Jason Zhang	Arne Fliflet	design_document1.pdf design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf presentation1.pdf proposal2.pdf proposal1.pdf video
	Problem: Gardens are an easy and fun hobby that a lot of people have in their backyard. One issue when it comes to gardens is being able to protect them. Gardens grow many different fruits and vegetables that are prone to getting attacked or eaten by different animals. Having a hindrance would improve the garden's quality and protect your plants. Solution Overview: Our solution for deterring animals away from one’s garden is a portable battery-powered (most likely solar) device that can be mounted above one’s garden. It uses a passive infrared sensor that notices movement in the garden area. Solution Components: Sensor System: Passive infrared system for detecting movement in the area which triggers a high signal to the 5-volt relay (connect to 120V compatible noise/light deterrent) Power System: Solar panels -> battery storage -> PCB -> 5-volt relay (5-volt to 120 AC conversion) -> light/noise deterrent Processing System: PCB sends signal to light/noise deterrent and can determine night=light deterrent and day=noise deterrent; compatible/controlled with Arduino Criterion for Success: Our device can pick up on animal movement in the area around the garden and turn on the light/noise deterrent to scare the animal away and protect the garden while running on solar power. Alternatives: An easy deterrent against large animals is putting a wired fence around your garden. This doesn’t work against birds or smaller animals. This also is quite annoying for the garden owner to have to move the fence each time they want to work on the garden. Another alternative is using an ultrasonic animal repeller. This device emits a certain frequency that deters animals away while also not at a frequency that humans can hear. A problem with this is that there is not a ‘general frequency’ that deters all animals away. You can only set it to one frequency that deters certain animals. We think our device would be better because it would deter all animals.
8	Isolated Guitar Pedal Power Supply	Abigail Kokal Connie Yun Dearborn Plys	Jialiang Zhang	Jonathon Schuh	design_document1.pdf final_paper1.pdf proposal1.pdf proposal2.pdf video
	# Isolated guitar pedal power supply Team members: - Connie Yun (csyun2) - Abigail Kokal (arkokal2) - Dearborn Plys (dplys2) Problem Guitar players and other instrumentalists often use audio effect boxes, usually referred to just as guitar pedals. These pedals require supply generally at 9V, 12V, or 15V with current ratings usually from 100mA up to 1000mA (in the case of some digital effects units). "Clean power" is the major requirement in these supplies, this means decoupling from AC sources and minimization of noise. Supplies for these pedals also need to have many outputs, as many pedal boards (collections of pedals used in series for one audio signal), have a number of individual units all requiring their own power. Most pedal power supplies on the market are quite expensive, don't always supply the exact combination of required output voltages, and don't have options to vary the output voltages for stylistic purposes. Stylistic variation in supply voltage refers to underpowering, and is used often by effects units to vary normal operation of external effect units. This power “sag” function mimics supply from a dying 9V battery. Solution The isolated power supply would plug into the wall, which would mean that we would have to work with AC/DC conversion, as well as output 9, 12 and 15 V on different ports, which would involve DC/DC conversion. The microcontroller would be used to control switches in the DC/DC converter, and while this kind of item exists online, we would want to make it more precise in terms of ripple, and with the option of purposeful undersupplying voltage for stylistic purposes. Isolation in this case would involve both isolation from noise, which is where ripple precision comes in, and of power, where we would potentially implement a transformer. While we also have the idea to make this have the option of being battery powered as well, this would likely be more of a stretch goal than anything else. # Solution Components Subsystem 1 AC/DC converter. The AC/DC converter would be based on a bridge rectifier, adjusting the overall schematic as needed. This would include a transformer, diodes, and then some filtering components. This would bring us from an outlet to the DC power that we work with for the power output. This would go from the AC voltage of 120V from the wall down to 3V. Subsystem 2 Isolated DC/DC converter. The goal is to essentially create two three-winding transformers, with the outputs equating to as close to 9V & 12V, and 15V & 18V as possible. In this case we will be stepping up from the 3V output from the AC/DC converter. The schematic would be based on a flyback converter, with necessary changes added as they come up. The microcontroller in this subsystem would be used for controlling the switches needed to run the converter. For this subsystem we would likely only need items that can be found in the electronics shop available to the students, such as copper wire, a core, capacitors, resistors, diodes, inductors, as well as switches. Further specifications will be calculated once the shop is visited and available stock is observed. Proposed switch: IRFP450 Subsystem 3 Undersupply of voltage. Mimics a dying 9V battery for stylistic purposes. This would be an option for the 9V output, where we can use the microcontroller to control the level of undersupplying happening. We can implement some sort of nob or slider to control the corresponding voltage level. This would likely involve a transformer in combination with a controlled variable resistor. (Stretch Goal) Subsystem 4 This is something that we would look into further, if we think we have time for it down the line, but essentially the idea would be that you could disconnect the AC/DC converter from the rest of the system and attach the battery. # Criterion For Success - Output ports supply at DC with under 5% output ripple - Undersupply “sag” output responds to user choice between 2V and 9V - Have 4 working ports for output voltage at 9V (with sag option), 12V, 15V, 18V - Stretch goal: Option to have it run on battery [optional]
9	Self-Tuning Violin	Erik Kwiatkowski Ginny Bytnar Kevin Lyvers	Tianxiang Zheng	Jonathon Schuh	design_document1.pdf final_paper1.pdf other1.ino photo1.PNG presentation1.pdf proposal2.pdf video1.mp4
	# Team Members: Ginny Bytnar (bytnar2) Kevin Lyvers (klyver2) Erik Kwiatkowski (erikk3) # Problem Beginner string instrument players are usually discouraged to touch their tuning pegs on an instrument due to the fragility of the pegs and how easily the instrument can fall back out of tune. This is especially true for instruments with friction based tuning systems like Violin, Viola, or Cello. This leads to many students initially learning how to play without a tuned instrument or wasting lesson time by having a teacher tuning their instruments during the lesson. # Solution This problem can be solved with an automatic tuner. Once a note is played an electromechanical module can adjust the strings to be in tune. We have seen such devices implemented in this very class but primarily for guitars (and one very interesting but entirely different piano tuner). Guitars have a system of gears that make tuning extremely easy to the most novice of players, while friction-based instruments require skill and tact to tune. This creates a unique problem that our device would fix. # Solution Components There would be three main subsystems. Largely they can be described as the microphone module, audio processor, and motors. ## Subsystem 1 (Microphone Module) This subsystem would take in sound input from a small microphone and amplify it to feed into a microprocessor’s input. This would involve primarily amplifying and manipulating a microphone's input into the microprocessor’s range for an input signal. The specific amplification depends on what microphone and microprocessor we use, but primarily we are aiming for the range of the microphone output to be as close to the full range of the microprocessor’s analog input. Parts - Micro-microphone - An example of this kind can be found here. It even comes with adjustable amplification: https://www.adafruit.com/product/1063?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAiA5L2tBhBTEiwAdSxJX2guGEEvYkWgI5AiAc3-Vs7E--6RTIEcKtYPaxYz-V02dINoxKphdRoCSk8QAvD_BwE - Amplifier circuitry (to get microphone voltage into microprocessor’s input range) ## Subsystem 2 (Audio Processor) This subsystem would be entirely software. A microcontroller would receive input from the Microphone Module and run a Fast-Fourier Transform on the data. This would provide us strengths of different frequencies in the sound. This helps us because we assume the loudest frequency would be the fundamental frequency of the string being played. We can then compare the input frequency to the given frequency we are aiming to tune to and send an appropriate signal to the Motor subsystem. Parts - A microprocessor - We are planning on using an ATmega328P or some variation of the ATmega chips ## Subsystem 3 (Motors) This subsystem would be a series of motors being controlled by a microcontroller. We could either have four motors or one motor with on-off functionality to only change one string at once. One motor would be cheaper, but four would be easier to implement. The motor(s) will receive a signal from the microcontroller depending on how they should move. We have looked into a H-bridge to control the motor. Two considerations we must look at is the speed of rotation and torque of the motor. The speed must not be too fast, because the tension the strings put on the instrument can be detrimental if the strings are tuned too fast. Second, the motor must have sufficient torque because tuning the strings would need a strong enough motor to turn the string tighter as the pitch increases. Currently, due to the affordability of H-bridges, and motors we are planning on going for a four motor approach. This would also decrease the amount of critical parts that could fail in a more mechanical design with one motor. We do not know the torque necessary to tune a string yet and we could not find any previous data about the torque required to tune a violin string. We are experimenting with different motors very early on to find a good fit. We are also aware of being able to change a motor’s torque using a series of gears, however we are trying to avoid many moving gears. Another consideration with the motors is power draw. A stronger motor or multiple motors requires more power compared to a singular weaker motor. This power will be handled by a simple power subsystem giving power to the h-bridges, the microprocessor, and microphone. # Criterion For Success We are looking for it to tune all four strings in a semi-timely manner. We say a vague semi-timely manner because the tuning can take different times. A slight tune-up would not last very long at all, but a new set of untuned strings could (and should) take a few minutes to get tuned up in a safe manner. To put a definitive number on the criterion, a short tune-up should last no more than 10 seconds per string and a full new-string tuning should take roughly two minutes of slow-tuning.
10	Automated Video Capture Bird Feeder with Data Collection	Colten Brunner John Golden Kevin Li	Nikhil Arora	Viktor Gruev	design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.jpg photo2.jpg presentation1.pptx proposal2.pdf video
	# Automated Video Capture Bird Feeder with Data Collection Team Members: Kevin Li (kli56) Colten Brunner (cbrunner) John Golden (jgolden4) # Problem Many nature enthusiasts enjoy watching birds outside of their windows with homemade or store bought feeders. This practice has been going on for many years, but until recently it has been impossible to see the birds feeding without being present. With modern day technology, it has become possible to mount cameras onto or adjacent to bird feeders in order to see birds feeding, but in the new era of information technology, there should be more to bird feeders than simple footage. We seek to add onto an automated video capture system by including data capture to analyze when peak feeding hours occur. This problem is one that occurs for common bird watchers and ornithologists alike. Whether it is knowing when to sit in front of your bird feeder or wanting to collect feeding data in specific areas, this is a problem that necessitates a solution. # Solution The solution we propose involves a bird feeder that has a camera to turn on when motion is detected. The idea is to have an ultrasonic transducer that would trigger a camera to record for a given set of time if motion is detected. In addition specific data points that would be beneficial to nature enthusiasts would be acquired and stored. These would include time intervals when birds arrive to identify peak bird times and would be stored along with the video footage on an sd card. # Solution Components ## Subsystem 1 - Video Capture This subsystem focuses on capturing video footage triggered by the ultrasonic transducer. Components include: An ultrasonic transducer to detect motion and alert the camera to start recording, a microcontroller for processing video data and triggering the camera system as well as transmitting bird tracking data, and a camera that will take videos of the birds feeding. ## Subsystem 2 - Data Collection Data Collection will be important to the end user and so require a separate system to ingest the data and store it properly for later usage. This will require connections to other subsystems to check for example if the camera is turned on and will require a storage component in addition to a processing unit. ## Subsystem 3 - Power System A power system is required to power the other subsystems and during testing this will be done through dc power supply with potentially additional voltage regulations. Ideally in the final project all subsystems would be powered by a battery pack. ## Subsystem 4 - Bird Feeder The bird feeder subsystem is the physical enclosure that stores the bird seed as well as houses all the electronic components. This means that fire hazard concerns need to be taken into account as well as protective measures for the camera due to the outdoor location of the bird feeder. The camera also needs to be protected from the elements while still maintaining unimpeded motion capture. # Criterion For Success -Video footage of birds feeding is successfully captured and stored in specific time intervals. -The motion detector is sensitive to birds and wildlife, minimizing unnecessary background "noise." -A collection of the time intervals when the birds would arrive for feeding and have the peak times the birds are out. -The bird feeder successfully distributes food into the “feeding area” until the reservoir is completely empty.
11	AUTOMATIC HUMIDITY SENSING AND WATER REFILLING COOL-MIST HUMIDIFIER	Andrew Sherwin Jalen Chen Woojin Kim	Surya Vasanth	Jonathon Schuh	design_document3.pdf final_paper3.pdf photo1.PNG photo2.jpg presentation1.pdf proposal2.pdf video video
	# Team Members: - Woojin Kim (wkim51) - Andrew Sherwin (zyxie2) - Jalen Chen (jalenc3) # Problem The problem we want to solve is the lack of humidity in indoor environments, especially during the winter months. Humidity levels are often very troublesome to control, having to continuously modify the humidifier output level to fit your perfect needs. You would have to keep adding water in the humidifier every time it runs out. Bacteria, minerals, and mold tend to form over time in the water tanks. Ultrasonic humidifiers will vibrate these particles into the air, and are detrimental to the user’s health. Hot-mist type humidifiers also tend to congest nasal passages, as well as high energy costs. The cost-must humidifier works by evaporating water using a fan. This is the safest, and cleanest way to humidify a room, therefore, is the method we will be using. # Solution To resolve the problem brought up, we have decided to produce an automatic humidity detecting humidifier. The idea is the humidifier will know when to turn on and off depending on the readings of a humidity sensor. The humidity sensor will be placed in a location away from the humidifier. This will prevent false readings from being in a close proximity to the humidifier. Every few minutes, the humidifier will communicate with the sensor before deciding to turn on or off. Update: 01/25/2024 15:10 - We will incorporate multiple sensors to detect multiple humidity readings in a room. We may average the readings for the humidity range, and the different readings will tell the humidifier which direction needs more humidifying. # Solution Components ## Subsystem 1 ## Humidity Sensor Explain what the subsystem does. Explicitly list what sensors/components you will use in this subsystem. Include part numbers. The humidifier will have a ESP32 chip that communicates with the remote ESP32 chip which is connected to a BME280 sensor. The BME280 sensor is able to communicate with I2C and SPI. We will use SPI for communication with the ESP32 microcontroller, with the ESP32 being the master. The ESP32 in the humidifier will be the master. We plan to use the ESP32 in the humidifier to bring up a WiFi connection, as the host, and the remote ESP32 will join the host’s connection for communication. The ESP32 will be powered via a barrel jack and an AC to DC converter. 2x ESP32-S3-WROOM https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/espressif-systems/ESP32-S3-WROOM-1-N16R2/16162644 1x Temperature/Humidity SensorBME280 https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/bosch-sensortec/BME280/6136306 1x AC/DC barrel jack plug https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/tri-mag-llc/L6R12-090/7682630 ## Subsystem 2 ## Humidifier The humidifier will have a round base, similar to that of a mug. Inside the enclosure will be a filter. The filter will be wet, as water is fed in from the base of the enclosure. Above the wet filter will be a quiet fan that accelerates the evaporation of the wet filter. There will be a water level sensor at the base of the humidifier to sense when more water needs to be added. When an insufficient amount of water is detected, the ESP32 in the humidifier will tell the water dispensing system, discussed with the machine shop, to activate and trickle fill the base of the container. It will stop when the water detector determines there is enough water. The fan will activate, continue activating, or turn off depending on the data from the remote ESP32. The idea is to have an electronic valve that turns on and off the water supply. For the demo, the water supply will be from a tank, but the product should be connected to a building's water supply. The PCB will be connected to the wall via a barrel jack to an AC to DC converter. Update: 01/25/2024 15:10 - The humidifier will have a rotating head or body that can adjust the wind flow direction of the fans depending one which area in the room needs more humidity. 1x Humidifier Filter https://www.amazon.com/Lxiyu-Humidifier-Wicking-Compatible-Replacement/dp/B088WG2QF8/ref=sr_1_2_sspa?crid=1CIMXRNSVCXBJ&keywords=humidifier+wicking+filter&qid=1706162957&sprefix=humidifier+wicking+filt%2Caps%2C122&sr=8-2-spons&sp_csd=d2lkZ2V0TmFtZT1zcF9hdGY&psc=1 1x irrigation pipe https://www.amazon.com/ZZM-360%C2%B0Tree-Watering-Sprinkler-Irrigation/dp/B0B5GW28YC/ref=asc_df_B0B5GW28YC/?tag=hyprod-20&linkCode=df0&hvadid=647314406102&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=2915494740902510298&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9022185&hvtargid=pla-1954342074615&psc=1&mcid=5423b99a7bef38d4b629f5773e55ffc2 1x water resistant quiet fan https://www.amazon.com/Coolerguys-120MM-120X120X25-Airflow-Waterproof/dp/B07NMC9X38/ref=sxin_14_pa_sp_search_thematic_sspa?content-id=amzn1.sym.97527784-1102-40e6-925d-b95bb0c9f9e6%3Aamzn1.sym.97527784-1102-40e6-925d-b95bb0c9f9e6&crid=2LYEA1XUQ1U02&cv_ct_cx=waterproof%2Bfan&keywords=waterproof%2Bfan&pd_rd_i=B07NMC9X38&pd_rd_r=2552965a-ddcc-4837-b12f-840f4493f7c6&pd_rd_w=dupGO&pd_rd_wg=MdZFw&pf_rd_p=97527784-1102-40e6-925d-b95bb0c9f9e6&pf_rd_r=GRHM9G2MGXFZES6APX0B&qid=1706164051&s=lawn-garden&sbo=RZvfv%2F%2FHxDF%2BO5021pAnSA%3D%3D&sprefix=waterproof%2Bfan%2Clawngarden%2C139&sr=1-1-364cf978-ce2a-480a-9bb0-bdb96faa0f61-spons&sp_csd=d2lkZ2V0TmFtZT1zcF9zZWFyY2hfdGhlbWF0aWM&th=1 1x contactless water level detector https://shop.pimoroni.com/products/contactless-water-level-sensor-module?variant=40162797322323 1x AC/DC barrel jack plug https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/tri-mag-llc/L6R12-090/7682630 # Criterion For Success - Our project would need to achieve a multitude of high-level goals to be sufficiently complete. Some goals would include: - ESP32 is able to read data from the humidity sensor - ESP32 is able to communicate with ESP32 in the humidifier - Multiple ESP32 sensor PCBs communicating with humidifier PCB for multiple humidity readings - Humidifier’s fan is able to turn on and off based on a humidity range - Humidifier is able to rotate and adjust its wind direction to a direction that needs more humidity - The filter irrigation system irrigates the filter when the water level sensor readings indicate more water is needed //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Updated: 01/25/2024 15:10 - Added multiple sensors and rotating humidifier
12	CHEAPER ALTERNATIVE FOR TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED SLEEP	Alex Dicheva Patrick Wang Wyatt Sass	Luoyan Li	Arne Fliflet	design_document2.pdf final_paper2.pdf photo2.jpg photo3.jpg photo4.jpg presentation1.pdf proposal2.pdf video
	# CHEAPER ALTERNATIVE FOR TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED SLEEP ## Team Members: - Alex Dicheva (dicheva2) - Wyatt Sass (wpsass2) - Patrick Wang (pw16) # Problem A lot of research has been done on the impact temperature has on your sleep. In general, the body prefers a cooler temperature when we try to fall asleep. However, while we are asleep, our body tends to cool and thus might benefit from a slightly warmer environment. As a result, various efforts have been made toward temperature regulation while we sleep. Some examples might be temperature-controlled bed sheets or duvets, as can be found in the following links: [BedJet](https://bedjet.com/products/bedjet-3-dual-zone-climate-comfort-system-for-couples), [Smartduvet](https://www.smartduvet.com/products/smartduvet), [EightSleep](https://www.eightsleep.com/product/pod-cover-mattress/) Each takes a different approach to the problem, but the common issue is the high price. Each of these solutions is priced at over $1000, making it unaffordable for the average consumer. # Solution Heated blankets can be found just about anywhere, and cost between $25-50. This product can be modified to make Temperature Controlled Sleep cheap and attainable for everyone. We can add temperature sensors to the outer layers of the heated blanket to track the temperature of the contact area between the user and the blanket. Another small sensor (like an IMU) can determine when the user's movements slow down, indicating that they may have fallen asleep. Using this data, we can create an app that allows the user to set a desired temperature for wake and sleep. We can also provide temperature recommendations allowing users to choose a temperature that will improve the quality of their sleep. Further, temperature regulation can be used in the morning to assist with waking up. Users can set a wake-up temperature based on their morning preferences and desired wake-up time. Ultimately, this serves as a much cheaper alternative for users to optimize their sleep and improves upon existing products that are already commonplace. # Solution Components ## Heating System We will build the heating system off of a readily available [heated blanket](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0C8PVTF56?ref=ppx_yo2ov_dt_b_product_details&th=1). The standard heated blanket comes with a physical remote that allows a user to cycle through some preset heating modes. We will take advantage of the heating coils that are already present in the blanket, but handle the control with our microcontroller which automatically changes the temperature. The goal is to create a much more fine-tuned system, allowing the user to set a specific temperature ahead of time (i.e. 70 degrees Fahrenheit). ## Temperature sensing system We will be detecting the heat on the user side of the blanket through temperature sensors ([LM35DZ/NOPB](https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/texas-instruments/LM35DZ-NOPB/32489) or [DS18B20](https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/umw/DS18B20/16705963)) placed throughout the blanket. These sensors would all be connected to our central microcontroller. With this temperature information, we could determine the average temperatures in the different zones of the blanket, and this would be used closely with our heating system to achieve our desired heating effects. ## Sleep-sensing system A presumption that we make for the scope of the project is that movement is a clear indication of whether or not a user is asleep. For example, we might set the threshold to be that 10 minutes of stillness indicates a high likelihood that the user has fallen asleep. To implement this system, we will detect movement in the blanket with a [small IMU](https://www.seeedstudio.com/Seeed-XIAO-BLE-Sense-nRF52840-p-5253.html), which we will connect to our central controller. We can track most of the major movements of a user through this IMU which would be stationed near the center of our blanket. After our system determines the user is asleep, we can trigger the blanket to switch modes and change the maintenance temperature. ## App/controller system We will allow user control via an app or controller system that takes input in terms of a desired temperature range. The user would be able to choose two distinct temperatures: one for when they are still awake and one for after they fall asleep. These would be used to automatically heat the blanket to the correct temperature. The app would interface with our blanket through a wireless connection like Bluetooth, using a small Bluetooth module ([RN4871-I/RM140](https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/microchip-technology/RN4871-I%2FRM140/10673433?utm_adgroup=&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=PMax%20Shopping_Product_Medium%20ROAS%20Categories&utm_term=&utm_content=&utm_id=go_cmp-20223376311_adg-_ad-__dev-c_ext-_prd-10673433_sig-Cj0KCQiAwbitBhDIARIsABfFYIL4Gtr9hoeUv5XgH5ri-AVEjJB8Bv6-2h_za2l4JRQnJtcR90yLKv4aAq5ZEALw_wcB&gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQiAwbitBhDIARIsABfFYIL4Gtr9hoeUv5XgH5ri-AVEjJB8Bv6-2h_za2l4JRQnJtcR90yLKv4aAq5ZEALw_wcB) or[ HC-05](https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/seeed-technology-co-ltd/113020008/5774955?s=N4IgTCBcDaIBYGMC0AGArCAugXyA)). ## Blanket control system The brain of the blanket will use a microcontroller to take the readings from our motion-sensing system to determine whether the user is plausibly asleep and change the heat accordingly. It will also change its heat setting to stay as close to the desired temperature as possible. We would design this microcontroller ourselves, taking inspiration from other commonly used microcontrollers like the Arduino. All of the sensors and modules would be connected to this microcontroller simultaneously, so our PCB design would have to properly account for that. # Criterion For Success The blanket successfully senses when a user stops moving (i.e. determines the user has fallen asleep), and changes temperature accordingly. The blanket takes user input and automatically adjusts its temperature accordingly. This also means that the blanket is able to successfully communicate with our app through bluetooth. The blanket accurately assesses the temperature throughout the blanket for the duration of its use. The blanket stays at a steady temperature (+/- 2.5 degrees Fahrenheit, lasting over 5 minutes) once it reaches its goal temperature.
13	Haptic Headset	Danny Pellikan Isabella Huang Tasho Madondo	Luoyan Li	Viktor Gruev	design_document1.pdf design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf proposal1.pdf proposal2.pdf
	# Haptic Headset Team Members: - Tasho Madondo (madondo2) - Isabella Huang (xhuang93) - Danny Pellikan (djp8) # Problem Hearing is one of our most essential senses. Hearing is the only sensory system that allows us to know what is going on everywhere in our environment at once. This property of hearing offers great advantages for survival as most alerts can be heard before they are ever seen. Deaf individuals, and those hard of hearing, have lost those advantages; Due to this, they lack the awareness of their environment offered with sound. We aim to mitigate some of the struggles of those with hearing loss. # Solution As a solution, rather than relying on the sense of sound, they can use the sense of feeling to get information they need from their immediate surroundings with directional haptic feedback. Haptic feedback is the use of vibration to convey information to the user (for example play station controllers or phone notifications). The idea is to place individual vibration motors along the outer rings on each side of over-ear headphones or ear mufflers. When a loud enough sound is played from any direction to the user, each individual motor vibrates in a way to give the user a sense of directional feedback. The goal of this device is to give the user heads up on where to look to see where the sound came from regardless of how little they can hear from their surroundings. # Solution Components ## Subsystem 1: Audio Sensing/Directionality/Sound Detection The device will use microphones to pick up the sound from the surrounding environment. We currently have 1 idea for audio/directionality detection. Method 1 Multiple Unidirectional Microphones: This method uses multiple small unidirectional microphones pointing in each direction on each ear to pick up the audio of the surrounding environment. Each sensor would then correspond to a direction so that, when triggered, the appropriate vibration motors will trigger corresponding to that sensor. The position of the sound sensors would be as follows: each earpiece (Left and Right) will have 9 sound sensors corresponding to the 8 directions around the ear (Front, Up, Down, Back, Front-Up, Front-Down, Back-Up, Back-Down) as well as the direction directly away from the ear (directly to the left or directly to the right) Diagram of Outer Piece with Unidirectional Microphones - [https://mediaspace.illinois.edu/media/t/1_khyavyq1](url) ## Subsystem 2: Haptic Feedback The information about a sound and where it is coming from is relayed through haptic feedback from the vibration motors along the ear. Vibration motors will be placed along the ring of each earpiece on both sides of the headphones. Each earpiece (left and right) will have 8 vibration motors around the ear (Front, Up, Down, Back, Front-Up, Front-Down, Back-Up, Back-Down). Based on the sensor's read, the corresponding vibration motors will trigger to give the impression of direction from the user. For example: Sound coming from directly to the left, will trigger the vibration motors on the left earpiece; Sound coming from above and behind, will trigger the Back-Up, Up, and Back vibration motors on both the left and right earpiece; Sound coming from above and in front but to the right, will trigger the right earpiece's Front-Up, Front, and Up vibration motors. Diagram of Inner Piece with Vibration Motors - [https://mediaspace.illinois.edu/media/t/1_k664rq6s](url) ## Subsystem 3: Analog to Digital Microcontroller This system will be used for taking the analog input from the unidirectional microphones and converting to a signal for the vibration motors. Consider the number of sensors being used we will most likely need an amplifier to for each microphone and analog to digital converter for the microcontroller. # Criterion For Success 1. Audio Sensing: Sound sensors are able to pick up loud sound from the surrounding environment and determine the direction of the sound based on the trigger sensors. 2. Haptic Feedback: When given a direction, the appropriate vibration motors will trigger to inform the user of the direction. 3. Comfortable Fitting: The device fits well and comfortably on the user. 4. User Efficiency: User can effectively tell where external sound is coming from through the haptic feedback. # More Diagrams of Device Diagram of Device position of human head - [https://mediaspace.illinois.edu/media/t/1_byyz2p7u](url) Diagram of Device attachment on over-ear headphones - [https://mediaspace.illinois.edu/media/t/1_bua29b7m](url)
14	Outdoor Smart Dog Feeder	Kevin Shi Lucas Duduit T'Andra Newby	Nithin Balaji Shanthini Praveena Purushothaman	Arne Fliflet	design_document3.pdf final_paper1.pdf other2.pdf photo1.jpeg photo2.jpeg photo3.jpeg presentation1.pdf proposal2.pdf
	# Outdoor Smart Dog Feeder ## Introduction An automatic dog feeder relieves a dog parent of the habitual task of refilling their pets' bowls. Due to work and travel, it can sometimes prove to be difficult to keep track of and complete this task on a regular schedule. A simple solution of a self feeder is not a viable action because most dogs cannot be self governed when it comes to how much they eat. Overeating results in gorging sickness, canine obesity, and sometimes death. An automatic smart dog feeder ensures that the dog only gets the amount of nutrition they need throughout the day. ## Design Concept For a 445 project, it is important to note that the market for indoor automatic dog feeders is saturated with hundreds of brands and models; However, the choices for smart dog feeder for larger outdoor/indoor-outdoor dogs are limited. The project proposed is to fabricate a heavier and robust feeder that will dispense food into a sheltered reciprocal based on users input for parameters such as quantity and frequency. The mechanism of dispensing begins at the reservoir (1) this is above an auger chamber aided by gravity this auger will be driven by a motor into a reciprocal (2). The reciprocal also contains a scale to allow the unit to know how long to run the auger motor based on the user's settings. Once the food is dispensed into the reciprocal the lid is able to open when the RFID tag is in proximity. ## Specifications of design - Scheduled feeding times and amount. (3) - Active weighing to monitor pet's eating habits; While also not allowing continued dispensing resulting in overfill. - RFID proximity access to only permit the pet to eat from reciprocal. - Solar powered with internal battery bank - User notifying system for low feed reservoir or low/loss of power (3) - Tracking feeding paterns to alert owner of illness or loss of appetite (3) ## THE STM32 Cortex M0+ MICROCONTROLLER I/O: ## INPUTS - 2.4 GHz transceiver (4) - Digital scale signal (9) - Voltmeter for charge state of battery (8) - RFID digital signal (7) ## OUTPUTS - 2.4 GHz transceiver (4) - auger motor (5) - reciprocal lid motor (6) ## Footnotes - (1) Sheetmetal container formed into a box/silo that holds 50-60 lbs of dog food - (2) The reciprocal is sheltered and protected by a hinged and motor driven lid. - (3) An app for android or a raspberry pi application for user to unit communication - (4) MKW41Z for Bluetooth low energy app communication - (5) Servo motor dynamic loads - (6) Stepper motor for holding torque - (7) Grove - 125KHz RFID Reader - (8) two resistors - (9) Ardest A/D Converter Weighing Sensor HX711 Balance Module for Load Cell MCU AVR Arduino
15	SMART HELMET WITH LIGHT INDICATORS FOR BRAKES & TURNS	Jasmehar Kochhar Sanjivani Sharma Will Salazar	Nithin Balaji Shanthini Praveena Purushothaman	Viktor Gruev	design_document3.pdf final_paper2.pdf photo1.jpg photo2.jpg photo3.jpg photo4.jpg presentation1.pdf proposal2.pdf
	Team Members: - Jasmehar Kochhar (kochhar4) - Sanjivani Sharma (sharma74) - William Salazar (wds3) # Problem Motorcycle riders account for 14% of all traffic fatalities, despite the fact only 3% of all registered vehicles are motorcycles, and “The number of motorcyclist fatalities in 2021 increased by 8 percent from 2020, from 5,506 to 5,932.”[https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/ViewPublication/813466.pdf](url) According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) of the United States Department of Transportation, “More than other vehicle drivers, motorcyclists must remain visible at all times, and anticipate what might happen.” We want to address this safety problem. Lane splitting is a common practice endorsed by American Motorcyclist Association, wherein a motorcycle’s narrow width can allow it to pass between lanes of stopped or slow-moving cars on roadways where the lanes are wide enough to offer an adequate gap. We believe to address all of the above, visibility to other vehicles, aiding lane splitting and reducing fatality, it is essential to remove ambiguity about the motorcyclist’s path and make turn signals and braking more visible. # Solution We propose to solve the issues outlined above by incorporating LED indicators on a helmet for braking and turning. This will make riders a lot more visible than traditional turn signals on motorcycles that are fitted with those. # Solution Components For testing this project, we will be using the motorcycle and helmet kindly being provided to us by Eric Sylvester, the Student Relations Officer of the Illini Motorcycle Club. We are working with a 2013 Kawasaki ZX-6R. ## Subsystem 1: Light Sensor subsystem Light Sensor: Light-to-Digital Sensor TSL2561 Microcontroller: ESP32 External Pull-up resistors The TSL2561 will communicate via I2C (multi-master, multi-slave) bus with ESP32, and will allow us to read the light intensity data from the turn signal. This will be affixed to our PCB in the motorcycle itself (can be accommodated under the seat discreetly). ## Subsystem 2: Bluetooth Subsystem - Helmet & Motorcycle Communication The ESP32 is also used for its Bluetooth communication capabilities, which eliminates the need for an additional Bluetooth module. We plan to use BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) for keeping our power usage efficient. It will be used both as a transmitter and a receiver. One will be affixed to our main circuit, and the other will be fixed to the helmet to transmit light sensor data. ## Subsystem 3: Helmet Lighting Subsystem - The Helmet lighting Subsystem will be connected to ESP32 connected in the helmet which would be acting as a receiver from the main circuit connected to the motorcycle. It will turn on the LEDs present in the helmet. - The Turn Signal LEDs will be on the upper side of the helmet so that it doesn't obstruct the peripheral view of the rider by being too bright. Something that we kept in mind is that the majority of road accidents relating to lights on the motorcycle are due to left turns, so we made sure that the LED would be seen from the front as well. The brake light on the other hand only needs to be seen from the back - The helmet will be a bigger size than normal and will have extra padding so that the power system and bluetooth system are not in direct contact with the rider's head white still being a good fit. - LEDs: Red and amber LEDs to be affixed to the helmet to be compliant with Illinois law. To avoid compromising with the structural integrity of the helmet, we will be doing it using strong adhesive/velcro strips. ## Subsystem 4: Power Management Subsystem - For the components connected to the motorcycle they will be connected to the Fuel Injector Output Voltage which only supplies power when the motorcycle is on, so the system should not drain the power when the motorcycle is not in use. (For simplicity purposes initially we will be using a separate battery pack for the system connected to the motorcycle and this may be a stretch goal.) - The rechargeable batteries will be present inside the helmet to power up the ESP and the LEDs. - LM7805 Voltage Regulator - step down the voltage from the battery to LEDs - Rechargeable Lithium Ion Battery - allows recharging of the helmet. - Battery Managing IC TI BQ76930 - Monitor overcharging of the battery as a safety mechanism. - nMOS power switch - Control power to our LEDs. - Due to the possibility of the battery heating up and to maintain they safety of the helmet the battery pack will be in cased in flame retardant fiberglass bag [https://www.amazon.com/Fireproof-Temperature-Resistant-Retardant-Explosion/dp/B0CF9KGNQ7](url) that would be stitched up to fit the battery pack. # Criterion For Success - When the motorcycle’s right turn signal illuminates and blinks, the helmet's right LED should illuminate and blink. The same relationship should apply to the left LED. - When the motorcycle applies its brakes and its brake lights illuminate, the helmet’s brake light should illuminate. When the brakes are released, the LED should turn off. - When the turn signal is turned off, the LED turn signals on the helmet should turn off. When the brake is not activated, the brake LED should turn off. - Latency for the helmet LED lighting up, especially the brake, should be very low, ideally as low as possible to communicate in real time precisely the moment when brakes have been applied. - The safety measures and pre-existing performance of the motorcycle are not compromised while executing the project or upon completion. ## Proposal for Expansion Only 11 US[https://www.eaglelights.com/blogs/news/does-a-motorcycle-need-front-turn-signals](url) states require front turn signals, and a lot of riders make do without them, instead using only hand gestures. This is even more common in other countries of the world [in this [https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/some-hand-signals-you-must-know-motorcyclist-ravi-singh/](url) blog, this gentleman outlines hand signals all motorcyclists should know for their safety in lieu of turn signals]. For motorcycles that do not come equipped with their own turn signals, we propose to incorporate a simple indicator type set-up, similar to cars, where you can affix a lever/switch to signal your turn intention, and have it communicated via Bluetooth to the above outlined helmet-LED display. This would be modular in design and easy to add to an existing motorcycle as a part of our signaling system. This would require the addition of a Turn Signal Activation Subsystem as follows: ## Bonus Subsystem 5: Turn Signal Activation Subsystem Button on handlebar: The buttons on respective handlebars can be added to signal whether the rider wants to turn left or right. Our PCB set up will receive signals from buttons about the rider's intention to turn. It will also control communication with the helmet LEDs using Bluetooth as outlined in Subsystem 2. Subsystem 3 remains the same to display the turn signals. Subsystem 4 remains the same to supply power. ![](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pNFJ8fIUdY7iPNQ34_bTqVMCYN4Witwa/view?usp=sharing)
16	Handheld Rocket Tracker	Ben Olaivar Manas Tiwari Max Kramer	Sanjana Pingali	Arne Fliflet	final_paper1.pdf other1.pdf proposal3.pdf video
	# Handheld Rocket Tracker Team Members: - Ben Olaivar (olaivar3) - Max Kramer (mdk5) - Manas Tiwari (manast2) # Problem Locating a rocket after a launch can be difficult. When the rocket reaches apogee (peak height), it deploys parachutes and glides back to the ground, often landing several miles away from the launch site (check out this video from the Illinois Space Society). Some tracking solutions exist, such as altimeters and radio beacons, however they all suffer from similar issues of being clunky, unintuitive, or expensive. Radio beacons don’t send out their exact location, and are tracked by following the strength of their signal, which only gives the general direction of the beacon. Altimeters send out their exact location, but are costly ($380+) and often require a laptop to receive their position, which is inconvenient to carry during a search. A few handheld trackers exist, however they are costly ($475+), difficult to reconfigure, and unintuitive. Additionally, all of these solutions are limited to 1 device. # Solution We want to make a 2-part tracking system: A tracking beacon (referred to as a “puck” or “beacon”), and a handheld tracking device (referred to as “tracker”). The beacon will be placed inside the rocket, and will continuously transmit its coordinates. On the receiving end, the tracker will compare its own GPS location with the coordinates from the beacon. To make this intuitive, the tracker will display the direction (using an arrow on the screen), as well as the distance to the beacon. # Solution Components ## Subsystem 1: Microcontroller Processor (both beacon and tracker) This will house the codebase for this project. This will mainly be to display to the screen of the tracker and handle button inputs by the user. ## Subsystem 2: TRACKING SENSORS This subsystem consists of all required sensors/peripherals required for acquiring the location and direction from the tracker to the beacon - GPS Module (both): To get longitude and latitude values of both components - GPS Antenna (both): For connecting to satellites. - Magnetometer(tracker): For measuring the heading of the user. ## Subsystem 3: COMMUNICATION SYSTEM The entire project depends on successful communication between the beacon(s) and the tracker. Therefore we will need the following components to set up an ability for the tracker to search out certain frequencies and for the beacon(s) to send out the same frequencies. - Transceiver (both): Required generating signal between beacon and tracker - Antenna (both): Mid-ranged antenna capable of transmitting/receiving signals between 3-5 miles. Can be replaced in future with better antennas. ## Subsystem 4: BATTERY AND POWER SUPPLY Create a battery management system that supplies consistent 3.3V to the necessary sensors and MCU. - LiPo Batteries (tracker): 3.7V. Compact, have long battery life, and are readily available. - Voltage Regulator (tracker): Regulating voltage from battery pack to sensors/MCU (3.3V) - Battery Holder (tracker): Holding batteries ## Subsystem 5: DATA DISPLAY This will simply be the screen we use to display all needed information for the user to track their beacons using the tracker - E-Ink Display: For displaying compass, frequency, and distance data # Criterion For Success - Primary Criterion: Demonstrate that the “Beacon” or “Puck” can be found by an end user being guided by the “Tracker”’s on-screen information - Additional Criterion: Demonstrate the ability to change frequency at which the “Beacon” and “Tracker” Communicate # Github Link https://github.com/ben-olaivar/ECE445_software
17	Habit Forming Key Station	Ali Husain Cedric Mathew Yuxuan Ma	Abhisheka Mathur Sekar	Arne Fliflet	design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.png photo2.jpeg presentation1.pdf proposal2.pdf video
	# Team Members: - Ali Husain (alijh2) - Cedric Mathew (cmathe26) - Marsh Ma (yuxuanm4) # Problem People have a difficult time building habits. Specifically, a common issue that many have is losing or misplacing their keys/wallet whenever they enter their place of residence. If they were accustomed to placing and grabbing their keys from a specific designated location, then the likelihood of losing their keys and wallet would be significantly low. # Solution Our solution utilizes negative reinforcement to build positive habits for its users. We will build a designated station for placing one’s keys, or any small item of their choosing, when entering or leaving their home. It will begin detecting the proximity of the keys a few minutes after the keys have initially been removed from the dish, indicating the resident is not home. Once the resident returns home with the keys, a sensor should detect its presence with an RFID tag and continue ringing an alarm through a speaker until the keys are placed correctly. There will be a pressure sensor at the bottom of the dish that will indicate whether the keys have been put into the device. Our solution will have 5 subsystems: proximity detection, control and processing, alarm, confirmation, and power. # Solution Components ## Subsystem 1: Proximity Detection Subsystem This subsystem is responsible for detecting the presence of the keys when they are in close proximity to the station. It will use an RFID system comprising an RFID reader inside of the dish and an RFID tag attached to a keychain that the user will carry. When the RFID reader senses the tag, it triggers the alarm system. We will use the MFRC522 RFID Reader (Part No: MFRC522) and compatible RFID tags. ## Subsystem 2: Control and Processing Subsystem The core of our project, this subsystem processes inputs from the Proximity Detection Subsystem and controls the Alarm Subsystem and Confirmation Subsystem. With the input from these three subsystems, we can compute whether the alarm needs to ring or not. When the user leaves with the keys, it will wait a few minutes before activating the proximity subsystem. This will await the RFID tag to come within proximity. Once detected, it will prompt the alarm subsystem to ring. Once it receives notification from the confirmation subsystem that the keys have been placed in the dish, the alarm will turn off. We will use ATmega2560 (https://www.microchip.com/en-us/product/atmega2560# ) as our microcontroller chip. ## Subsystem 3: Alarm Subsystem Activated by the Control and Processing Subsystem, this subsystem emits an audible alarm when the keys are detected but not yet placed in the station. It consists of a small alarm or speaker, like the Piezo Buzzer (Part No: PSE-2907), that generates a distinct sound, prompting the user to place the keys in the designated spot. When the user places their keys in the dish, it will promptly turn off. ## Subsystem 4: Confirmation Subsystem This subsystem confirms the placement of the keys in the station. It uses a pressure sensor/button at the bottom of the station, which, when pressed by the weight of the keys, signals the Control and Processing Subsystem to deactivate the alarm. We plan to use the Thin Film Pressure Sensor (Part No: SEN-09376). ## Subsystem 5: Power Subsystem This subsystem provides power to the device. We plan on using a 9V battery to power the device, as we need a power source that can last for several weeks at a time while also maintaining lightweight portability. # Criterion For Success 1. The proximity detection subsystem can reliability detect keys within 15 feet of the dish 2. The alarm subsystem projects within 80-90dB (the standard level of an alarm clock) so it may be heard outside the room 3. The confirmation subsystem can detect a change in the weight of at least 20 grams which is the expected weight of 1 key and our keychain 4. The microcontroller accurately sends and receives signals from the subsystems 100% of the time 5. The power subsystem provides adequate power to the device with a multi-week battery life
18	S-band Radar Altimeter	Bobby Sommers Elliot Rubin Rayan Nehme	Koushik Udayachandran	Viktor Gruev	design_document1.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.png presentation1.pdf proposal1.pdf proposal2.pdf video
	Problem: Currently, hobbyist RC aircraft and civil drones rely on GPS and barometers for altitude measurements. While these methods are reliable and accurate, they may not tell the operator the full story. GPS is a line of sight system and does not work when the receiver is obscured by terrain or buildings. Barometers read air pressure, but will not measure the distance between an aircraft and terrain. A radar altimeter would provide low-flying drones and RC aircraft with accurate altitude measurements relative to terrain. Solution Overview: Our solution relies on a FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) S-band radar altimeter powered off of an internal battery. The radar altimeter will be mounted to the bottom of the drone and will use the 2.4GHz ISM band in its operation. Solution Components: Processing Unit: The processing unit will consist of a microcontroller, barometric altimeter, and an SD card slot. The microcontroller will calculate the range to terrain based on the doppler shift from the radar and will log this information to the SD card. It will also record the altitude measured via the barometric altimeter to compare with the radar measurement. Finally, the microcontroller will generate the control signal for the FMCW waveform. Radar Unit: The radar unit will consist of two submodules: the transmitter and the receiver. The transmitter performs frequency modulation using a VCO (voltage controlled oscillator) with a tune voltage generated by the microcontroller. This tune voltage is used to sweep the VCO frequency and creates an FM waveform. A PA (power amplifier) is used to increase the transmit power and is connected to the Tx patch antenna. The Rx patch array receives the reflected signal, amplifies it through a LNA (low noise amplifier), down converts it with a mixer, and provides the demodulated signal to the processing unit. Power Unit: The power unit consists of a shielded switching converter to provide DC supply voltage to the other units. This DC power will be regulated by a LDO (low dropout regulator) to provide low-noise power to sensitive components such as the LNA and the VCO. Criterion for Success: Our radar altimeter should accurately and precisely measure distance within 1m and record measurement data to a SD card for post processing. It should have a minimum range of 20 m. Alternatives: There are several 24GHz radar altimeters designed for use on UAVs, but they are more expensive and are not targeted to consumers. Development boards from semiconductor companies and vendors such as Adafruit and Seed also operate in the 24GHz band, but have very limited range (<10 m).
19	Ready-to-Serve Trash Bin	Dongming Liu Josh Litao Owen Xu	Jason Zhang	Arne Fliflet	design_document1.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.png photo2.png photo3.jpg presentation1.pdf proposal1.pdf proposal2.pdf video
	# Title Ready-to-Serve Trash Bin # Team Member - Owen Xu (jinyuxu2) - Dongming Liu (dl35) - Josh Litao (jlitao2) # Problem One of the biggest challenges people will face after their surgery is immobility. During the hospitalized recovery period, many issues will arise including how they can throw their trash. Clearly it’s not possible to let the patients stack all the trash on the bed, so the easiest solution is to have a trash bin next to their bed. However, existing trash bins have various problems. Open-lid ones will spread bad odor across the room; and those with the lid are hard to use for patients, patients have to step on the foot pedal or use the other hand to trigger the sensor, both are hard for patients recovering on the bed. Moreover, having a trash bin next to each bed in hospitals may increase the labor force needed to clean these bins. # Solution We propose a smart trash bin that would distinguish a human's hand gesture of throwing trash. The bin will serve as a “taxi” in the hospitals. Once the cameras, which are installed in the hospitals, detect that someone did a hand gesture of throwing trash, the bin, with wheels attached to its bottom, will receive this signal, move towards that person and automatically open the lid. With this smart trash bin, instead of placing various bins in different places, everything needed is to wave hands and wait for a couple seconds, then our smart trash bin will come to serve. The bin would also be useful for people with immobility problems at home, like those who are in wheelchairs or recovering on bed at home after small surgery. # Questions & Answers: - Q1. If the bin detects a person is about to throw trash, will the time be enough for the bin to open the lid to hold trash thrown by the person? - A1: Using this bin is like hailing a taxi. If people need to throw trash, they can just wave their hands. Once the camera detects this gesture, the trash bin will come to that person who waves the hand. The person will then throw the trash into the bin. During the process, there’s no need for people to hold their trash all the time. The bin will be closed when it is traveling, and open once it reaches the target position. The target position should be somewhere around that person, instead of the exact position of him/her. As otherwise the bin will just hit on that person - Q2. Is it possible that people are not intended to throw trash but their movement is incorrectly recognized by the camera for saying that they want? And why don't just replace this part by phone app, or a button? - A2. The hand gesture of hailing a taxi, aka calling the trash bin to serve, is relatively unique, which means people seldom do the same gesture in daily normal life. So, the camera should not mistakenly recognize someone who does not want to throw trash as he/she does. Meanwhile, using hand gestures is more convenient when considering some old people do not know how to use smart phones. Button will have the similar problem to the traditional trash bins. Patients have to reach to the button first before they can throw their trash, which sometimes could be difficult to do. - Q3. When the bin is traveling, is it possible that the odor of trash can get spread across the room? Or is the bin sealed? - A3. In our design, the moving trash bin is relatively small, the sum of three dimensions will be smaller than 45 inches. It will mainly be responsible for collecting residual waste, and some small amount of food waste. Since food waste is usually responsible for bad odor, having little of these in the trash bin will not be an issue, and spreading bad smell across the room by the bin is a case that would barely happen. Meanwhile, people with immobility usually need help from others, either family members or nurses or hospital orderly, to get their meal prepared, who can also take care of the food waste from each meal. Thus, we don’t have to worry much about the problem of producing large amounts of food waste. - Q4. What if the bin is serving someone and at the same time someone else needs to throw trash? - A4. A queue will be recorded for who requests to be served by the trash bin, and the bin will follow the first-raise_hand-first-serve rule. # Solution Components: ## Container: The purpose of it is to store trash. It needs to have a lid to contain the odor. ### Parts: A Indoor trash bin [link1](https://www.amazon.com/Amazon-Basics-Compact-Bathroom-Plastic/dp/B09Z776HYJ/ref=sr_1_7_ffob_sspa?crid=GW1WVZRZ7N7D&keywords=plastic%2Btrash%2Bbin&qid=1706151356&sprefix=plastic%2Btrashbin%2Caps%2C103&sr=8-7-spons&sp_csd=d2lkZ2V0TmFtZT1zcF9tdGY&th=1), [link2](https://www.amazon.com/Superio-Plastic-Bedroom-Bathroom-Kitchen/dp/B08YRZ98KY/ref=sr_1_9?crid=2CGATST9J1PZW&keywords=plastic%2Btrash%2Bbin%2Bwith%2Blid%2Band%2Bpedal&qid=1706151417&sprefix=plastic%2Btrash%2Bbin%2Bwith%2Blid%2Band%2Bpadel%2Caps%2C117&sr=8-9&th=1), or similar items. ## Trash Bin Movement: The trash bin needs to reach the user based on the commands coming from the detection system. ### Parts: - a pair of DC motors (model: TBD with mechanical shop to see which type of motor fits better). - a pair of caster wheels. For supporting and balancing the trash bin. [Link](https://www.amazon.com/Furniture-Plastic-Casters-Kitchen-Stainless/dp/B09Q37G919/ref=sr_1_1_sspa?keywords=small%2Bcasters%2Bwheels&qid=1706152011&sr=8-1-spons&sp_csd=d2lkZ2V0TmFtZT1zcF9hdGY&th=1) The control circuit of the motors will be part of the PCB. ## Trash Bin Lid Control: The trash bin needs to open when it is necessary (i.e. when the user needs to put the trash in the bin) and remain closed for the rest of the time. This can be done using a servo motor. In addition, the lid can only open outward. ### Parts: - a servo motor (model: TBD with mechanical shop to see which type of motor fits better) Note: probably this one [Link](https://www.amazon.com/Smraza-Digital-Steering-Waterproof-Control/dp/B0886H91DY?ref_=ast_sto_dp) The control circuit of the servo motor will be part of the PCB. ### MCU: ESP32-S3 has WiFi and Bluetooth integration, so it is better for receiving commands from the detection system. The MCU is also in charge of controlling the trash bin movement and the lid movement. It is a part of the PCB. Potential MCU model: ESP32-S3-WROOM-1 [link](https://www.espressif.com/en/products/socs) (S3 series) ## Motion and Object Detection: Motion and object detection will be implemented using computer vision and some open-source models. They will be deployed to a microcomputer (single-board computer). The camera captures the image or video stream for motion and object detection. When the person does a specific gesture, it commands the trash bin to move to the person. When the trash bin is closed enough, it commands the trash bin to open the lid. After collecting the trash, the trash bin will navigate back to its original position based on the commands. ### Parts: - Raspberry-Pi-4 with 2GB or 4GB [Link](https://www.digikey.com/en/product-highlight/r/raspberry-pi/raspberry-pi-4-model-b) - Raspberry-Pi camera module [Link](https://www.amazon.com/Smraza-Raspberry-Megapixels-Adjustable-Fish-Eye/dp/B07L2SY756) Note: if the computation is not good enough, we will use Nvidia Jetson. ## Power: Trash bin movement and trash bin lid control will be powered by a lithium battery, and motion and object detection is powered by a wall-plugged power supply, given that the subsystem for motion and object detection is stationary. ### Parts: - Lithium battery: TBD - Wall-plugged power supply: [Link](https://www.amazon.com/Raspberry-Supply-iUniker-Switch-Listed/dp/B097P2NLVH/ref=sr_1_3?adgrpid=1330409638929056&hvadid=83150817070992&hvbmt=be&hvdev=c&hvlocphy=95058&hvnetw=o&hvqmt=e&hvtargid=kwd-83150957904950%3Aloc-190&hydadcr=24365_13514965&keywords=raspberry+pi+4b+power+supply&qid=1706150750&sr=8-3) # Criteria For Success: 1. Be able to recognize people’s hand wave gestures for throwing trash. 2. Travel to people who need to throw trash. The lid of the bin should remain closed until it reaches that person. 3. The target position should be close to the person but not the exact position. 4. Follow the first-wave-hand-first-serve rule. 5. Be able to receive control command from the motion and object detection system
20	Gesture-Based Turn Signaling System	Edan Elazar Kaylan Wang Sultan Alnuaimi	Sanjana Pingali	Viktor Gruev	design_document1.pdf design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.jpg photo2.jpg presentation1.pptx proposal2.pdf proposal1.pdf video
	# Gesture-Based Turn Signaling System # Team members: Sultan Alnuaimi - saltana2\ Edan Elazar - eelazar\ Kaylan Wang - kaylanw4 # Problem: Cyclists, skateboarders, and scooter riders often face challenges in signaling their intentions to drivers, especially in low-light conditions. The traditional method of using hand signals is not always visible or practical, particularly at night or during adverse weather conditions. This lack of clear communication can lead to dangerous situations on the road, as other motorists may fail to recognize the cyclist's intended maneuvers, or if an accident occurs. # Solution: To address this issue, we propose the development of a gesture recognition-based turn signaling system for cyclists and scooter riders. This system will utilize a combination of sensors, such as accelerometers and gyroscopes, integrated into a wearable like a jacket. Then we process the sensor data to identify specific arm gestures made by the rider and activate corresponding LED signals. For example, if the rider extends their arm straight to the left, the left turn signal is activated, or if the rider indicates a stop, then the brake light is activated, and so on. Additionally, the sensors will be able to detect when the rider has had an accident or a crash, and activate a hazard signal. # Solution Components ## Control Unit: We will design our PCB and microcontroller to be able to receive data from the sensors, analyze the data, and display the correct signal on the LEDs. When the person is in an accident for example, it should activate the lights to be similar to what you see in car hazard lights. The same goes to the right, left, slowdown signals. ## Power Subsystem: We will have multiple sensors and a number of LEDs that will require energy. To make the wearable easily reusable we will use batteries that allow charging, such as a LiPo battery. We will target a battery life of 1 hour. We can place the battery in an inner pocket of the wearable , making it easy to wire it to all parts. ## Sensors Subsystem: For the sensors, we will use an accelerometer and a gyroscope for each arm, and use the combined data from both to determine the nature of the motion. In an accident for example, the acceleration will spike a lot, which will be our indicator. To distinguish between the other signals, we will use the gyroscope to determine the angle of the motion. ## LEDs Subsystem: We will use LED strips placed on the back and arms of the wearable to display the information. The LEDs will be arranged in a way that will make it clear to drivers and pedestrians what the rider is trying to signal. # Criterion for Success: - The wearable should be able to correctly detect the arm signals of the rider, and display the corresponding signal on the LEDs. - The wearable should be able to detect when an accident/crash happens and display a hazard signal. - The LEDs should be clearly visible to nearby drivers and pedestrians at day and night. - The wearable should be easily charged and reusable.
21	ShowerSync	Edward Xiong Keshav Dandu Reet Tiwary	Nikhil Arora	Jonathon Schuh	design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.png photo2.jpg presentation1.pdf proposal2.pdf video
	# Title: ShowerSync Team Members: - Edward Xiong (exiong2) - Keshav Dandu (kdandu2) - Reet Tiwary (rtiwary2) # Problem Imagine running late for something. You are not only scrambling to finish last minute work, but you also still need to shower. Now you have to wait on your water getting just to the right temperature, but also waste a ton of water in the process of it all, altogether causing you to just show up late and increasing your water bill. With this type of situation, there are already products in the market that can adjust temperatures beforehand and have it as a preset. For example, smart showers are nice in that way because users can have a chance to control their desired water temperature, allowing time for the water to reach the desired preference all through a mobile application with Bluetooth included. But not everyone can afford a smart shower as it is expensive and requires a whole shower/bath renovation process. With this in mind, there should be a cost-effective and environmental-friendly solution where users can send their desired temperature request to the shower’s faucet system in advance, allowing the shower knob/lever to adjust depending on how hot or cold the water is before the showering process whilst also not having to waste so much water. Additionally, we should have a solution that can be simply installed, preventing any serious bathroom renovation processes that have additional costs. Finally, a way to save and reuse the water that wasn’t at the desired temperature. # Solution In our project, we aim to create a convenient and efficient self-adjusting shower knob/pin system with a compartment to store and reuse any water outside of the desired temperature. The system comprises a temperature sensor, a motorized pulley mechanism that can be easily attached to various shower knobs and faucet pins using a two-piece design, and finally a removable container located near the faucet which stores any water outside of the desired temperature through a tubing system into the container to be reused. When the sensor is able to detect the correct temperature through the faucet, the faucet pin is pulled through the pulley system, allowing the accurate water temperature to be dispersed through the shower nozzle and saving the user’s time as well as their showering process. The temperature sensor accurately gauges the water temperature passing through the faucet system, while the motorized pulley system ensures that the shower knob is adjusted to match a predefined temperature setting and that the faucet pin is pulled when the desired temperature is reached, indicating to the user that the shower is ready. When the desired temperature has not been reached, the faucet has a tubing system that stores any water outside of the desired temperature into a container which can be removed and reused for other household purposes. The entire system is controlled by a microcontroller, and to enhance user experience, we plan to incorporate wireless communication using a Bluetooth module. This wireless capability allows users to remotely adjust the shower temperature without the need to physically interact with the knob and pin, so the shower is ready to go. The self-adjusting shower knob/pin system and the faucet tubing system provide comfort and convenience but also minimizes water wastage by precisely regulating the desired water temperature and saves any water outside of temperature regulation into a usable container for alternative purposes. Additional features, such as a user-friendly mobile app interface and real-time temperature feedback, can be integrated for an enhanced and customizable showering experience while also being cost-effective. # Solution Components We split up our project into five different subsystems, the first is the shower knob subsystem which consists of all the physically moving components, and the sensors. Specifically the temperature sensor is located at the faucet, the motors that would control the rotation of the shower knob allowing the knob to adjust to the right temperature accordingly. The second subsystem is the water-saving subsystem. Since the water is constantly being regulated pre-shower to achieve the user’s desired water temperature, we plan to set up a container near the water faucet that can be placed, removed and reused all whilst storing any water that was not at the right temperature. The faucet will contain a small tubing system which will pass any water with temperatures outside of the user's requirements into a container which can be removed, allowing the water to be reused in other household manners, preventing water wastage. Once the sensor is able to sense that the desired water temperature has been reached, the third subsystem will be enacted. The third subsystem is the faucet-pin subsystem. Similar to the knob-pulley mechanism, the faucet-pin system will use motors to lift the faucet pin up and allow the desired water temperature that was already reached to be passed through the shower nozzle/head. We separated this system so the pin knows that it is ready to be used when temperature has been reached and the shower is ready for the user. The fourth subsystem is the transmission subsystem. We currently plan to set up an application for a phone that would be able to connect and communicate with the system to set the temperature we would like the shower to be set to. We are calling this the transmission subsystem because we would like to keep room for flexibility if we decide to go with a different approach to communicate with the system down the line. Possibly the application can notify the user that their water temperature has been achieved and to allow the pin system to be enacted by the application, so user can go in with a shower that is ready to go The last subsystem is the microcontroller subsystem which would be the connecting piece between the parts of the shower subsystem along with the transmission subsystem. This would likely hold the PCB and be the brains of our project which would be the bulk of our work. # Shower Knob Pulley Subsystem: - DS18b20 temperature sensor: [https://www.adafruit.com/product/381](url) - SG51R: Servo motor: [https://www.adafruit.com/product/2201](url) - Waterproof wiring: [https://www.adafruit.com/product/744](url) - Waterproof Silicon encasing/3d print The DS18b20 temperature sensor is a sensor that is specifically designed to be used for reading water temperature. We chose this sensor due to it being designed specifically with similar applications in mind and since it is cost-effective. The SG51R servo motor is the motor we plan to use to rotate the shower knob. It would be configured to do a pushing or pulling motion based on the temperature reading. Due to our system being in a shower and likely having water get all over it, we have begun looking into ways to waterproof the system beginning with the electrical components. We found waterproof wiring that we would likely use between the sensor to the PCB and the PCB to the motor. We also have to consider water getting onto pieces such as the motor so we are also looking into the possibility of a 3D printing material that would be waterproof so that we could create perfect structures to encase the motor and other delicate components in. If this is not feasible the next option we would consider is waterproof encasing that are premade and are made of a material similar to silicon. # Faucet-Pin Subsystem: This contains any similar pulley motor mechanisms for the shower knob pulley system as well below are the potential plastic fasteners/plastic arm materials: - Waterproof Command Mounting Strips: [https://www.amazon.com/Command-Water-Resistant-Refill-Strips-4-Strip/dp/B000WSNM9Q#:~:text= Can%20you%20hang%20Command%20 Bath,hold%20strongly%20in%20humid%20environments.](url) - Knob/Arm Connection: [https://www.homedepot.com/p/Everbilt-3-4-in-Side-Release-Buckle-822641/204804336](url) - Faucet Pin: using a pulley system to lift it up or let it at rest when temperature is ready and user is ready to shower, and at rest when shower is complete. Pulley system will communicate with the app so the user can press ready and the pin will be moved up with the pulley system and the user can press done to let the pin go to rest and shower/knob goes back to rest as well. - Supporting Structure: [https://www.amazon.com/30pcs-Acrylic-Dowel-Sticks-Plastic/dp/B09TFWFZBW/ref=sr_1_2?crid=9IYPIDJ49IVS&keywords=thick+plastic+sticks&qid=1706145912& sprefix=thick+plastic+sticks+%2Caps%2C98&sr=8-2](url) Above are components we would connect with our motor system to be able to grab the shower knob/handle, turning it as we would like to as well as being able to move the pin of the faucet up to allow water to pass through the shower head/nozzle. The first item which is mounting strips would be used to hold various pieces in place such as the waterproof wiring from different parts of the system. The next piece is similar to a buckle which the user could adjust the handle to fit around. We would then have this move with the motor to adjust the shower knob as we like. The last piece is clear rods which we anticipate to use in parts connecting to the motor as necessary to create a firm connection with the shower knob. # Water-Saving Subsystem: - Water Container/ Storage: [https://www.amazon.com/Reliance-Products-Desert-Patrol-Container/dp/B0002IW6IY/ref=sr_1_2?crid=JGWJWRY3QZFI&keywords=6.30%2Binches%2Bby%2B14.80%2Binches&qid= 1706314521&sprefix=6.30%2Binches%2Bby%2B14.80%2Binches%2Caps%2C85&sr=8-2&th=1&psc=1](url) - Faucet Tube (we do not need to sprayer, we can cut and customize it to fit into the water storage container): [https://www.amazon.com/Rinseroo-Tub-Faucet-Hose-Sprayer/dp/B0BJGX7P7K?th=1](url) - Waterproof Command Mounting Strips (if needed): [https://www.amazon.com/Command-Water-Resistant-Refill-Strips-4-Strip/dp/B000WSNM9Q#:~:text= Can%20you%20hang%20Command%20 Bath,hold%20strongly%20in%20humid%20environments.](url) - Water Container Holder (to move container in and out of): [https://www.amazon.com/mDesign-Plastic-Stacking-Organizers-Containers/dp/B01AO1Q1KC/ref=sr_1_11_sspa?crid=1YZA923WSGGF9&keywords=14.75%2Bby%2B6.25%2Bstorage%2Bbox&qid=1706314828&sprefix =14.75%2Bby%2B6.25%2Bstorage%2Bbox%2Caps%2C106&sr=8-11-spons&sp_csd=d2lkZ2V0TmFtZT1zcF9tdGY&th=1](url) Above would be the components we would connect to the faucet of the shower altogether. The faucet tube is adaptable and can be adjusted from our side to keep the water flowing into the water container/storage which can be held on the bathroom shower wall beneath the faucet in a straight manner allowing the flow of the water to enter into the container. The mounting strips mount the container holder where we can place the water container in and users can move the container in and out of the holder easily and use it for other household purposes. # Transmission Subsystem: - HC-05 Wireless Bluetooth RF Transceiver: [https://www.amazon.com/HiLetgo-Wireless-Bluetooth-Transceiver-Arduino/dp/B071YJG8DR](url) - ST7735R: LCD display (not yet confirmed since we need to find a way to waterproof this while being outside of encasing, there are waterproof LCDs though with current research) [https://www.adafruit.com/product/358](url) The HC-05 transceiver is a very cost-effective receiver that would be compatible with our board. We currently are planning on using Bluetooth connectivity in our app to connect with our system or doing it over a WIFI network. In either case, the Transceiver would be able to do the job. The ST7735R is a component in the case that we decide to pivot from the original idea of using a phone application and instead opt for a system where we would implement buttons or connect some kind of remote to control the temperature. It is unlikely that we choose to go in that direction but we have gone ahead and found this component as a starting point just in case. # Microcontroller Subsystem: - ESP32 Devkit V1: [https://www.amazon.com/ESP32-WROOM-32-Development-ESP-32S-Bluetooth-Arduino/dp/B084KWNMM4](url) The board is very powerful with a dual-core processor and Bluetooth and WIFI connectivity which is specifically useful to make our transmission subsystem. It is also compatible with Arduino DOIT which could simplify work down the line. It is also very compact and has a very low power consumption while having a wide range of pins which would be useful in our case since we would want to make it as small as possible since it would make waterproofing or making a waterproof encasing easier. # Criterion For Success - The product must be able to accurately measure the temperature of the water through the faucet - The product should be waterproof to prevent any damages this includes a casing for PCB, microcontroller components and more. - Knob/Lever motor components must be able to recognize the temperature the user requests and will situate itself towards that specified temperature before showering process begins (a normal shower handle that moves from a variety of cold to hot can estimate where exactly a specified temperature may be area-wise). - The product must be able to communicate with the user’s temperature request which will be through the transmission system (an application on the mobile device). - The mobile application can allow the user to select the temperature preference at which they will want their shower to start at, the application should be able to deliver that user request to the shower knob pulley subsystem which will start regulating the temperature of the water. - The product is able to sense any temperature that is not desired and pass the water through into the container. - Once the product detects the correct temperature request, the user should be able to receive a notification about the temperature being ready and the user can press ready so that the faucet pin is pulled up and passes the correct temperature through the shower nozzle/head. - When the shower is completed, the user can press done so that the shower knob goes back to rest, and the pin is dropped to rest, allowing the shower to stop altogether. At the end of the shower, user can use the container to take it out of the holder and use it for other purposes.
22	Remotely Controlled Self-balancing Mini Bike Honorable Mention	Eric Tang Jiaming Xu Will Chen	Jason Zhang	Viktor Gruev	design_document1.pdf design_document2.pdf final_paper1.docx proposal2.pdf proposal1.pdf video
	# Remotely Controlled Self-balancing Mini Bike Team Members: - Will Chen hongyuc5 - Jiaming Xu jx30 - Eric Tang leweit2 # Problem Bike Share and scooter share have become more popular all over the world these years. This mode of travel is gradually gaining recognition and support. Champaign also has a company that provides this service called Veo. Short-distance traveling with shared bikes between school buildings and bus stops is convenient. However, since they will be randomly parked around the entire city when we need to use them, we often need to look for where the bike is parked and walk to the bike's location. Some of the potential solutions are not ideal, for example: collecting and redistributing all of the bikes once in a while is going to be costly and inefficient; using enough bikes to saturate the region is also very cost inefficient. # Solution We think the best way to solve the above problem is to create a self-balancing and moving bike, which users can call bikes to self-drive to their location. To make this solution possible we first need to design a bike that can self-balance. After that, we will add a remote control feature to control the bike movement. Considering the possibilities for demonstration are complicated for a real bike, we will design a scaled-down mini bicycle to apply our self-balancing and remote control functions. # Solution Components ## Subsystem 1: Self-balancing part The self-balancing subsystem is the most important component of this project: it will use one reaction wheel with a Brushless DC motor to balance the bike based on reading from the accelerometer. MPU-6050 Accelerometer gyroscope sensor: it will measure the velocity, acceleration, orientation, and displacement of the object it attaches to, and, with this information, we could implement the corresponding control algorithm on the reaction wheel to balance the bike. Brushless DC motor: it will be used to rotate the reaction wheel. BLDC motors tend to have better efficiency and speed control than other motors. Reaction wheel: we will design the reaction wheel by ourselves in Solidworks, and ask the ECE machine shop to help us machine the metal part. Battery: it will be used to power the BLDC motor for the reaction wheel, the stepper motor for steering, and another BLDC motor for movement. We are considering using an 11.1 Volt LiPo battery. Processor: we will use STM32F103C8T6 as the brain for this project to complete the application of control algorithms and the coordination between various subsystems. ## Subsystem 2: Bike movement, steering, and remote control This subsystem will accomplish bike movement and steering with remote control. Servo motor for movement: it will be used to rotate one of the wheels to achieve bike movement. Servo motors tend to have better efficiency and speed control than other motors. Stepper motor for steering: in general, stepper motors have better precision and provide higher torque at low speeds than other motors, which makes them perfect for steering the handlebar. ESP32 2.4GHz Dual-Core WiFi Bluetooth Processor: it has both WiFi and Bluetooth connectivity so it could be used for receiving messages from remote controllers such as Xbox controllers or mobile phones. ## Subsystem 3: Bike structure design We plan to design the bike frame structure with Solidworks and have it printed out with a 3D printer. At least one of our team members has previous experience in Solidworks and 3D printing, and we have access to a 3D printer. 3D Printed parts: we plan to use PETG material to print all the bike structure parts. PETG is known to be stronger, more durable, and more heat resistant than PLA. PCB: The PCB will contain several parts mentioned above such as ESP32, MPU6050, STM32, motor driver chips, and other electronic components ## Bonus Subsystem4: Collision check and obstacle avoidance To detect the obstacles, we are considering using ultrasonic sensors HC-SR04 or cameras such as the OV7725 Camera function with stm32 with an obstacle detection algorithm. Based on the messages received from these sensors, the bicycle could turn left or right to avoid. # Criterion For Success The bike could be self-balanced. The bike could recover from small external disturbances and maintain self-balancing. The bike movement and steering could be remotely controlled by the user.
23	Retrofitting an iMac G3 Mouse to be Bluetooth-Enabled for Use in the 21st Century	Saif Kazmi Savannah Moon Pagan Sebastian Carrera	Jialiang Zhang	Viktor Gruev	final_paper1.pdf other1.pdf presentation1.pdf proposal1.pdf proposal2.pdf
	# Retrofitting an iMac G3 Mouse to be Bluetooth-Enabled for Use in the 21st Century Team Members: - Savannah Pagan (spagan6) - Saif Kazmi (skazmi21) - Sebastian Carrera (carrera9) # Problem Describe the problem you want to solve and motivate the need. Disposal of outdated technology contributes to approximately 50 million tons of e-waste annually, leading to environmental concerns. Our project aims to demonstrate a sustainable approach to repurposing technology from the past, diverting it from landfills and back into the consumers’ hands. Specifically, by modernizing old devices, like updating the original iMac G3 to modern computing standards, as well as its original peripherals, such as the mouse included with the device, we not only extend the lifespan of these devices but also preserve their original creative style and design intent. This initiative will align vintage technology with modern computing needs, ultimately fostering a more eco-friendly and innovative technological landscape. # Solution Our project aims to replace legacy hardware within the 1998 iMac G3 by utilizing the internal components of a newer Mac Mini computer. The new components will be mounted inside the original iMac shell to give new life to this outdated machine. The original CRT screen will be replaced with a newer LCD screen. The original speakers and disc drive of the iMac will be re-utilized as well, and the ports will be upgraded to the relevant modern port types. We also aim to update the original Apple USB mouse included with the device by using modern optical sensors and bluetooth to replace the legacy hardware. A modern switch of higher quality and durability will replace the original switch used for the mouse button and rather than physical rollers interacting with a rubberized ball on the bottom of the mouse, we will use an optical sensor to detect mouse movement. The user can customize the sensitivity of the mouse, a feature unavailable on the original hardware. The USB connection will be replaced with bluetooth to communicate with a computer. Due to its wireless nature, the mouse will be battery powered. The mouse can detect when it is not being used and automatically shut off as a battery saving measure, similar to modern bluetooth mice. # Solution Components 2014 Mac Mini - 8GB RAM, 1 TB of storage The Mac Mini will be utilized to update the iMac G3 to modern computing standards. Mouse button An Omron D2LS-21 switch will be used for the mouse button. It will be placed strategically on our PCB to avoid or minimize modification of the original mouse housing. https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/Omron-Electronics/D2LS-2110M?qs=OcgtsXO%252B3gvFuywVVfHEYw%3D%3D Optical sensor A PixArt PMW-3389 or PMW-3360 optical sensor will be used to detect mouse movement. These sensors are commonly used in modern mice. They can be purchased separately, or salvaged from an extremely wide variety of mice. https://www.tindie.com/products/citizenjoe/pmw3389-motion-sensor/ Bluetooth connectivity/Microcontroller An ESP32 microcontroller will be used to communicate with the computer over Bluetooth. Additionally, it can process sensor inputs and determine whether the mouse is idle. Battery/Charging Our goal is to use a rechargeable lithium ion battery. If space permits, we will use a USB-C connector for charging due to its ubiquity. If this proves to be impractical due to space constraints, we will use a barrel jack, though this is a last resort. # Criterion For Success The iMac powers on The iMac LCD display turns on The iMac can connect to WiFi The iMac can function as well as a modern laptop, meaning that it can run multiple applications at once, as well as perform actions within these applications The iMac ports function The iMac has Bluetooth connectivity functionality The mouse can connect to a modern computer with bluetooth The mouse can provide clicking functions to a modern computer The mouse can accurately move a cursor on a modern computer Disregarding the missing USB cable, the mouse must be visually unchanged from the original product The mouse must last for ??? hours of use (to be determined depending on type of batteries chosen to work with, at least a few hours of charge)
24	Autonomous Sailboat (2)	Austin Glass Devansh Damani MICHAEL Sutanto	Koushik Udayachandran	Arne Fliflet	design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.jpg photo2.jpg presentation1.pdf proposal1.pdf proposal2.pdf
	# Team Members: - Austin Glass (akglass2) - Devansh Damani (ddamani2) # Problem Given a starting point, destination, path, and environmental factors such as wind speed or water current, a boat can travel both autonomously or remotely. Specifically, as stated by the project pitch, the goal is to improve the performance achieved by an earlier iteration of this project, as well as demonstrating new capabilities. We aim to be able to seamlessly switch between autonomous control and remote user control. We also aim to introduce ease of life features like battery indicators, simpler charging / batteries, and an autonomous return to user mode. # Solution Our end goal is to make sure we have a boat that autonomously or remotely is able to traverse a body of water regardless of the water’s conditions. By meeting our criterions for success, we believe that we will succeed in creating such a boat. # Solution Components _Note: Many of these components, besides the speed sensor and ultrawideband, are already incorporated in the Spring 2022 design of the boat. As discussed with Professor Fliflet, these will be provided as is, and will be utilized with our improvements and changes_ ## Subsystem 1 - The Boat The boat itself is built, with controllable rudders and sail trim. These elements operate the boat, changing its direction and speed as it picks up wind. ## Subsystem 2 - Compass Sensor (LSM303) The compass works to direct the boat along its path. If it needs to travel north, this data can be taken in and be processed along with the wind direction to direct the boat. The compass also works to detect heeling, which is necessary for telling its current orientation on the water (i.e. if it is impacted by waves). ## Subsystem 3 - Wind Direction Sensor (RotaryEncoder library) Similarly to the compass, this information is crucial to determine the sail and rudder positions, as there is an optimal orientation for the desired direction with a given wind direction. ## Subsystem 4 - GPS (NEO-6M GPS) Locates the current position of the boat, and can be verified for current and targeted path, as well as data for testing accuracy. ## Subsystem 5 - Remote Control (FlySky FS-i6 Remote) Remote control for operating the boat at a distance. ## Subsystem 6 - Speed Sensor A new speed sensor can be added to the boat to help calculate its current and future position, potentially allowing for some predictability in its movement that could increase accuracy. ## Subsystem 7 - Ultra Wideband Chip (DWM1001) To return back to a user, an ultrawideband chip could be used to determine where the boat is in relation to the user (located at the base station), and direct the boat back towards them. This can be combined with other data like compass data to determine the direction needed to travel. # Criterion For Success Our main criterion for measuring success is making sure that the boat is able to autonomously travel in a straight line adjusting for the wind, water current and speed and other criteria. In the prior project, there hasn't been enough testing conducted, which is one of our biggest goals. Regular testing in an outdoor environment, preferably in differing weather conditions, to prove the versatility of the boat and the autonomous code would be necessary. We will do this to test the sensors to verify if they maintain the boat’s linear and autonomous motion. Working with Professor Fliflet to make sure we are starting from the right point with the project, not doing any work that has already been completed, and making efficient use of our time on improvements.
25	CUSTOM MPPTS FOR ILLINI SOLAR CAR	Akhil Pothineni Alex Chmiel Alex Lymberopoulos	Matthew Qi	Jonathon Schuh	design_document1.pdf design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.jpeg photo2.jpg photo3.jpg presentation1.pdf proposal2.pdf proposal1.pdf video	Illini Solar Car
	# CUSTOM MPPTS FOR ILLINI SOLAR CAR Team Members: - Alex Chmiel (achmiel4) - Alex Lymberopoulos (alexdl2) - Akhil Pothineni (akhilp3) # Problem Illini Solar Car is manufacturing their 3rd generation vehicle to race at the American Solar Challenge this coming summer. The team has recently installed their array and is looking for easy-to-use, configurable, and efficient solar MPPTs. The off-the-shelf models are very expensive and will take time to integrate into the vehicle’s architecture. Also with off-the-shelf components if a part fails, we will not have access to the schematics to replace the component. # Solution The idea is to create custom, efficient, and low cost MPPTs built for the team’s electrical system. For some background, the vehicle has the array wired in three separate sections. The goal behind the 3 sections is better resilience to shading and redundancy built into the system. We would make an easy to move enclosure with three MPPTs inside that can be mounted in the vehicle. If one of the MPPTs fails we would still have 2/3 of the solar array producing power. By making the MPPTs in house lots of problems could be solved. We could drastically reduce the cost, make it plug-and-play with our vehicle’s electrical systems, and be able to debug issues quickly. # Solution Components ## Subsystem 1: Logic Board This board will be running a perturb and observe algorithm to vary switching signals sent to an off-board power board. - LPC1549: Microcontroller used in all solar car projects. Has built in CAN controllers. Data will be sent over CAN. - Voltage Sensors: To view the voltage and vary the algorithm. Most likely use SPI communication protocol. - Current Sensors: To view the current and vary the algorithm. Most likely use SPI communication protocol. - Temperature Sensors: Monitor Temperature of the MPPTs to verify safe operating points. - Fans Control: Turn on the fan when temperatures get too hot. ## Subsystem 2: Power Board The power board will be controlled by the logic board to take in the input power and vary the output power to charge the battery. Should handle power up to ~900W. MPPTs should be able to output in the range of 77V-120V. Max charge current is ~2.75A. - Boost Converter Circuit: Will boost input voltage to charge battery safely. Takes input from logic board. # Criterion For Success - Logic Board is able to read temperature and vary fans - Logic Board is able to send information via CAN - Power Board successfully boost input voltage - If faults are induced the logic board is able to stop charging of the batteries. - Create one logic board that can control one power board to follow a perturb and observe algorithm.
26	Network Power For Automobile	Akash Chandra Constantin Legras Dhruv Kulgod	Matthew Qi	Jonathon Schuh	design_document1.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.png photo2.png presentation1.pdf proposal1.pdf
	# Network Power For Automobile Team Members: - Akash Chandra (akashc3) - Constantin Legras (clegras2) - Dhruv Kulgod (dkulgod2) # Problem We were inspired by number 28 from the ECE power project ideas page and the work on UIUC’s electric Formula SAE team, IEM. Automobiles contain complicated wire harnesses. In place of this complexity, manufacturers are trying to move to a “one power one communication” arrangement in which all control and conversion is local. However, all components on a car cannot run on the same voltage. For example, the IEM car contains components running at 3.3V, 5V, 12V, and 24V! While some of these voltage conversions are handled on PCBs themselves, there are still many different voltages that have to be run through the wire harness. This need is due to the various devices (notably sensors, actuators, cooling/heating devices) that are present on cars. Trends towards increased safety and self driving in the automotive industry mean that the number of such devices will only increase in the coming years. # Solution This project involves the design of a multiple-output power supply that can handle an input range of about +11V to +15V, thereby serving a range of vehicular platforms running at various LV voltages. Our project will support four simultaneous power rails. Each rail can be configured to one of the following output levels: 3.3V, 5V, 12V and 24V. This creates a single versatile product that can be modified for the specific needs of each use case. There will be an external backplane that houses an MCU, and a power PCB that will house the power electronics. The backplane will contain the power input, power output, and the CAN connection to the rest of the car. There will be two variants of the power PCB: one serving the 3.3 - 5V range and another serving the 12 - 24V range. Each power PCB will contain the power electronics to buck or boost the voltage, talk to the MCU over a digital protocol, and share voltage and current usage to the MCU. The power PCBs will slot into the backplane. This will allow users to run multiple outputs simultaneously without worrying about heat generation affecting the other units. This design also allows us to quickly replace dead units without needing to redo the entire project. The two variants will have similar design, differing only in ICs and inductances. ## Backplane We will use an MCU on this PCB to control the whole project. We will use a CAN transceiver to talk to the rest of the car. There will also be programmable termination for the CAN bus. Relays on the outputs will ensure the output voltage is not prematurely connected to the load and the unit can be disconnected from loads in an event of a short. To step down the voltage for the MCU, we will use LDOs to generate 5V and 3.3V rails for the ICs on the backplane. There will also be a voltage reference to provide the STM with accurate analog reference to measure the thermistors on the power PCBs. There will be a low pass filter with op amps on the back plane to help remove any switching noise from the measurement. There will be a digital isolator to allow the MCU to communicate with digital IO for a digital enable signal or an alarm signal output. ### Backplane Solution Components Parts used: 1. TCAN1044AEVDRQ1 - CAN transceiver 2. 744235900 - CAN Choke 3. TVS Diodes (CAN) - DIODE-SOT23_PESD1CAN 4. CPC1017N - Solid state relay used for programmable termination 5. ISO6721-Q1 - Digital Isolator 6. STM32F4 - MCU 7. J1031C5VDC.15S - Relay 8. REF20-Q1 - Voltage reference for the STMs ADCs used for the power PCB thermistors 9. BCS-110-F-D-TE - Card connector 10. LM2902LVQDRQ1 - Op Amp 11. 3413.0328.22 - SMD input fuse, 10A 12. SPX1117M3-L-3-3/TR - 3.3V LDO 13. SPX1117M3-L-5-0/TR - 5V LDO 14. MPSS-08-16-L-12.00-SR - Backplane to car connector ## Power PCB This will house the DC-DC controller, switches, and the voltage and current sensing chips needed to buck or boost the voltage to the level commanded from the microcontroller. There will be a thermistor on the PCB to allow for temperature monitoring on the power PCBs for safety and protection. ### Power PCB Solution Components 1. LT8253 - Buck-Boost controller IC 2. INA780B - Current shunt & Voltage sensing 3. INFINEON IPZ40N04S5L-4R8 - Switches 4. COILCRAFT XAL8080-682ME - Main inductor 5. NCU15XH103F6SRC - Thermistor 6. TSW-110-08-F-D-RA - Edge connector # Criteria For Success 1. Supply 3.3V, 5V, 12V and 24V rails at 2A per rail for 1 hour with no chip above 100 C 2. Have a voltage ripple of only 5% on the power rails under a 1A load 3. Have a current ripple of 5% under a 1A load 4. MCU sends power usage data over CAN 5. Use CAN to change the voltage level of the power modules
27	Oxygen Delivery Robot Honorable Mention	Aidan Dunican Nazar Kalyniouk Rutvik Sayankar	Selva Subramaniam	Arne Fliflet	design_document1.pdf design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.png photo2.png presentation1.pptx proposal1.pdf proposal2.pdf
	# Oxygen Delivery Robot Team Members: - Rutvik Sayankar (rutviks2) - Aidan Dunican (dunican2) - Nazar Kalyniouk (nazark2) # Problem Children's interstitial and diffuse lung disease (ChILD) is a collection of diseases or disorders. These diseases cause a thickening of the interstitium (the tissue that extends throughout the lungs) due to scarring, inflammation, or fluid buildup. This eventually affects a patient’s ability to breathe and distribute enough oxygen to the blood. Numerous children experience the impact of this situation, requiring supplemental oxygen for their daily activities. It hampers the mobility and freedom of young infants, diminishing their growth and confidence. Moreover, parents face an increased burden, not only caring for their child but also having to be directly involved in managing the oxygen tank as their child moves around. # Solution Given the absence of relevant solutions in the current market, our project aims to ease the challenges faced by parents and provide the freedom for young children to explore their surroundings. As a proof of concept for an affordable solution, we propose a three-wheeled omnidirectional mobile robot capable of supporting filled oxygen tanks in the size range of M-2 to M-9, weighing 1 - 6kg (2.2 - 13.2 lbs) respectively (when full). Due to time constraints in the class and the objective to demonstrate the feasibility of a low-cost device, we plan to construct a robot at a ~50% scale of the proposed solution. Consequently, our robot will handle simulated weights/tanks with weights ranging from 0.5 - 3 kg (1.1 - 6.6 lbs). The robot will have a three-wheeled omni-wheel drive train, incorporating two localization subsystems to ensure redundancy and enhance child safety. The first subsystem focuses on the drivetrain and chassis of the robot, while the second subsystem utilizes ultra-wideband (UWB) transceivers for triangulating the child's location relative to the robot in indoor environments. As for the final subsystem, we intend to use a camera connected to a Raspberry Pi and leverage OpenCV to improve directional accuracy in tracking the child. As part of the design, we intend to create a PCB in the form of a Raspberry Pi hat, facilitating convenient access to information generated by our computer vision system. The PCB will incorporate essential components for motor control, with an STM microcontroller serving as the project's central processing unit. This microcontroller will manage the drivetrain, analyze UWB localization data, and execute corresponding actions based on the information obtained. # Solution Components ## Subsystem 1: Drivetrain and Chassis This subsystem encompasses the drive train for the 3 omni-wheel robot, featuring the use of 3 H-Bridges (L298N - each IC has two H-bridges therefore we plan to incorporate all the hardware such that we may switch to a 4 omni-wheel based drive train if need be) and 3 AndyMark 245 RPM 12V Gearmotors equipped with 2 Channel Encoders. The microcontroller will control the H-bridges. The 3 omni-wheel drive system facilitates zero-degree turning, simplifying the robot's design and reducing costs by minimizing the number of wheels. An omni-wheel is characterized by outer rollers that spin freely about axes in the plane of the wheel, enabling sideways sliding while the wheel propels forward or backward without slip. Alongside the drivetrain, the chassis will incorporate 3 HC-SR04 Ultrasonic sensors (or three bumper-style limit switches - like a Roomba), providing a redundant system to detect potential obstacles in the robot's path. ## Subsystem 2: UWB Localization This subsystem suggests implementing a module based on the DW1000 Ultra-Wideband (UWB) transceiver IC, similar to the technology found in Apple AirTags. We opt for UWB over Bluetooth due to its significantly superior accuracy, attributed to UWB's precise distance-based approach using time-of-flight (ToF) rather than meer signal strength as in Bluetooth. This project will require three transceiver ICs, with two acting as "anchors" fixed on the robot. The distance to the third transceiver (referred to as the "tag") will always be calculated relative to the anchors. With the transceivers we are currently considering, at full transmit power, they have to be at least 18" apart to report the range. At minimum power, they work when they are at least 10 inches. For the "tag," we plan to create a compact PCB containing the transceiver, a small coin battery, and other essential components to ensure proper transceiver operation. This device can be attached to a child's shirt using Velcro. ## Subsystem 3: Computer Vision This subsystem involves using the OpenCV library on a Raspberry Pi equipped with a camera. By employing pre-trained models, we aim to enhance the reliability and directional accuracy of tracking a young child. The plan is to perform all camera-related processing on the Raspberry Pi and subsequently translate the information into a directional command for the robot if necessary. Given that most common STM chips feature I2C buses, we plan to communicate between the Raspberry Pi and our microcontroller through this bus. ## Division of Work: Given that we already have a 3 omni wheel robot, it is a little bit smaller than our 50% scale but it allows us to immediately begin work on UWB localization and computer vision until a new iteration can be made. Simultaneously, we'll reconfigure the drive train to ensure compatibility with the additional systems we plan to implement, and the ability to move the desired weight. To streamline the process, we'll allocate specific tasks to individual group members – one focusing on UWB, another on Computer Vision, and the third on the drivetrain. This division of work will allow parallel progress on the different aspects of the project. # Criterion For Success Omni-wheel drivetrain that can drive in a specified direction. Close-range object detection system working (can detect objects inside the path of travel). UWB Localization down to an accuracy of < 1m. ## Current considerations We are currently in discussion with Greg at the machine shop about switching to a four-wheeled omni-wheel drivetrain due to the increased weight capacity and integrity of the chassis. To address the safety concerns of this particular project, we are planning to implement the following safety measures: - Limit robot max speed to <5 MPH - Using Empty Tanks/ simulated weights. At NO point ever will we be working with compressed oxygen. Our goal is just to prove that we can build a robot that can follow a small human. - We are planning to work extensively to design the base of the robot to be bottom-heavy & wide to prevent the tipping hazard.
28	JargonJolt	Daniel Chamoun Luke Hartmann Nan Kang	Angquan Yu	Jonathon Schuh	design_document1.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.jfif photo2.jpg presentation1.pptx proposal2.pdf video
	# JargonJolt Team Members: - Daniel Chamoun (chamoun2) - Luke Hartmann (lukegh2) - Nan Kang (nankang2) # Problem When learning a new language, amassing and retaining vocabulary is often one of the most challenging parts of the learning process and can be a choke point for advancing into conversational fluency. It is very easy for people to fall off track when learning a new language/new content, especially in the later stages which can prove detrimental to spaced repetition algorithms. According to an American 2021 study by preply.com, 71% of those surveyed who have given up on learning second languages regret letting their language skills slip. Furthermore, 43% of those people stopped studying due to either a lack of opportunity to practice, boredom, or a perceived high level of difficulty. Our project aims to assist those people to continue their endeavors to learn language. Flashcard applications that already exist do so primarily as mobile or desktop applications. Desktop applications such as Anki have high functionality, but are not portable and could cause the user to miss days if they do not have access to their PC. Mobile applications require that the user has a smartphone, which is not ideal for certain audiences such as children or elderly. Battery life is also a concern for longer practice sessions. # Solution Our solution is the JargonJolt, a digital pet and portable flashcard device that makes consistently practicing your language skills convenient and fun! The JargonJolt will take advantage of the “tamagotchi effect”. Named after the popular toy by Bandai, the tamagotchi effect is the phenomenon of humans becoming emotionally attached to machines, robots, or otherwise inanimate entities. We plan to harness this aspect of human psychology to encourage people to keep up with their daily language review and practice. Nurturing/playing with a digital pet who gets happier as you do better in your flashcard reviews will keep flashcard users more engaged during their reviews as well as more consistent. Users of the JargonJolt will be able to download Anki flashcard sets, where we will make use of spaced repetition algorithms to show users flashcards in optimal order for memory and knowledge retention. The JargonJolt will feature a low power digital ink screen for displaying both flashcards and the digital pet as well as several buttons for selecting options for responding to flashcards. Applications of similar functionality may exist as smartphone apps, but the JargonJolt has unique advantages that give it cause to exist as a product. The simplicity and toy-like nature of the JargonJolt makes it ideal for children who are not ready for a smartphone or tablet. A rechargeable battery will also allow users to take their JargonJolt on the go without worrying about the battery life of their mobile devices or the cell reception in any given area. # Solution Components ## Subsystem 1: MCU/PCB Support/Internet Module The ESP32 will run code to determine which flashcard to show the user, process the user’s button inputs, and change the digital ink display to show both flashcards and the status of the pet. The ESP32 will interface with the memory module to retrieve flashcard data. The MCU module will also contain serial programming pins for flashing the microcontroller. The internet module will be able to connect to the internet to download flashcard data, which will be stored in the memory module. ESP32 (Mfr. Part #ESP32-S3-WROOM-1-N16) ## Subsystem 2: Power The JargonJolt will feature a rechargeable battery and a Micro USB-B charging port. The battery supplies a 3v7 rail which will be regulated down to 3v3 by a linear voltage regulator. All electronics down the line (MCU, E-INK, etc.) will run on 3v3. The power module will also contain a barrel jack for tabletop testing before the battery is integrated. 3.7V 1000mAh Lithium Battery (Mfr. Part # ASR00012) Battery Charger (Mfr. Part # ASL2112) Linear Voltage Regulator (Mfr. Part # ADP160AUJZ-3.3-R7) ## Subsystem 3: Video The video subsystem is used for flashcards and the digital pet display. It consists of two low power digital screens, 4.37inch, 512 × 368 resolution, communicating via SPI interface. 2 x 4.37inch E-Paper (G) raw display, 512 × 368, Red/Yellow/Black/White ## Subsystem 4: Memory The memory module contains external SRAM which will be used to store the flashcard data, allowing the JargonJolt to operate entirely offline once flashcards are downloaded. The microcontroller will interface with the SRAM through an SPI interface. 32Mb, SerialRAM, 2.7V-3.6V (Mfr Part #: IS66WVS4M8BLL-104NLI) ## Subsystem 5: Audio Having audio support from text on the cards also makes sense to implement. Using I2S protocols, upon showing the answer to a flashcard, audio will also play. The audio data will be stored on SDRAM. I2S Amplifier (Mfr Part #: MAX98357 I2S) Speaker (Mfr Part #: CMS-4017-34SP) # Criterion For Success Functionality: - Syncing data between Anki for Desktop app with JargonJolt and vice versa - Buttons for answering flashcards - Algorithm for choosing currently displayed flashcard Display Functionality: - Upon receiving data from the MCU, successfully display flashcard information - Display a digital pet based on performance metrics USB charging capabilities: - Reasonable battery life using low-power components
29	Automatic Drone Wireless Charging Station	Jason Wuerffel Pranshu Teckchandani Samuel Fakunle	Matthew Qi	Jonathon Schuh	design_document1.pdf design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.jpeg photo2.jpeg presentation1.pdf proposal2.pdf proposal1.pdf video
	# Title Automatic Drone Wireless Charging Station Team Members: - Samuel Fakunle (sof2) - Pranshu Teckchandani (pat4) - Jason Wuerffel (jasonmw2) # Problem Drone technology is becoming more vital for our modern society because it improves productivity and precision for several applications. Despite this, the operation time continues to be a key technological challenge because of the drone’s battery life limitations. As a result, our project aims to address this issue by implementing an automated drone charging system that extends the drone’s flight time without human intervention. # Solution Our group aims to use resonant inductive coupling to develop a wireless drone charging station that allows the drone to land and charge its battery within an acceptable distance from the transmitter. In addition, our implementation should allow for efficient charging anywhere or in multiple locations on the charging pad, indicate when sufficient charging has been completed, and should start power transfer only when the drone lands on the pad. We may also add an optional feature where the drone can track back to the pad when low on battery but it is an additional feature we will implement only if time permits. # Solution Components ## Subsystem 1: DC-AC Converter to Transmission Coil This inverter is responsible for converting DC power to AC power for the activated transmitting coil - Circuit consisting of resistors, capacitors, inductors, switches, etc. - Could use renewable power supply or power bank (undecided) ## Subsystem 2: Transmitting and Receiving Coil for Charging This subsystem focuses on the coils used in order for contact to be made between the drone and charging station. - Both coils made of metal (likely aluminum or copper) - Transmitting coil keeps the drone an adequate distance above the ground and is constrained by the size of the drone - Receiving coil attached to drone acts as secondary part of transformer - Charging pad made up of several transmitting coils to allow for no need for precise landing - Microcontroller will be used to determine the optimal transmitting coil from the transmitting coil array on the charging pad in order to achieve maximum efficiency. This would be done by calculating each coil’s input impedance, and then activating the coil that results in the highest input impedance. The microcontroller will indicate when charging is complete using an LED indicator - If time permits, we could develop an app that shows charging progress of the drone Microcontroller: https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/espressif-systems/ESP32-DEVKITC-VIE/12091811?utm_adgroup=&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=PMax%20Shopping_Product_Low%20ROAS%20Categories&utm_term=&utm_content=&utm_id=go_cmp-20243063506_adg-_ad-__dev-c_ext-_prd-12091811_sig-CjwKCAiA8NKtBhBtEiwAq5aX2Nvf7wYlrJvAtHab7cw0ecC0E7rdqjRA_Iy8-0jjQLlCNVKipQhMVRoCslsQAvD_BwE&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAiA8NKtBhBtEiwAq5aX2Nvf7wYlrJvAtHab7cw0ecC0E7rdqjRA_Iy8-0jjQLlCNVKipQhMVRoCslsQAvD_BwE ## Subsystem 3: AC-DC Converter This subsystem includes a full bridge rectifying circuit with a low pass filter. Converts AC power from the receiving coil to DC power for the voltage regulator - Circuit consists of resistors, diodes, capacitors, inductors, etc. ## Subsystem 4: Voltage regulator This subsystem will be a voltage regulator responsible for supplying regulated DC power to the drone’s battery. ## OPTIONAL(IF TIME PERMITS) - Subsystem 5: Drone Control System This subsystem includes the sensors that allow the drone to find its way back to the charging station. - Proximity sensors for drone to know when it is close to charging station - Low battery indicator - Tracking tags and camera to detect the charging station Proximity Sensor - https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/sharp-socle-technology/GP2Y0E02B/4103879?utm_adgroup=&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=PMax%20Shopping_Product_High%20ROAS%20Categories&utm_term=&utm_content=&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAiA8NKtBhBtEiwAq5aX2OJn1KocKkbImYp4gjIzr5wiMJSYczVw6uVYCuu517q7w6XyPQFocxoCQjMQAvD_BwE # Criterion For Success - Base Project 1. Successful Conversion: Converter circuits are able to correctly convert DC to AC and vice versa. 2. Wireless Power Transfer: Charging pad is able to charge the drone efficiently without human intervention. We will have a lower bound for acceptable efficiency. 3. Battery Indicator : The charging pad indicates when the battery is completely charged. 4. Charging only in close proximity: Start charging only when the charging pad detects that the drone is in close proximity. If do complete the above criteria in time, we will try to accomplish the following: - (Optional) Navigational Success: Drone is able to navigate to the charging station and dock.
30	Power Outlet Quality and Submeter System	Nicole Viz Roshan Mahesh Soham Manjrekar	Surya Vasanth	Jonathon Schuh	design_document1.pdf design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf presentation1.pdf proposal1.pdf proposal2.pdf video1.mov video2.mov
	# Power Outlet Quality and Submeter System Project Team Members: - Nicole Viz (nviz2) - Soham Manjrekar (sohammm2) - Roshan Mahesh (roshanm2) # Problem In the rapidly evolving field of power electronics and energy technologies, maintaining consistent and high-quality power distribution and energy usage is critical for residential and commercial buildings. Using submeters can help create energy savings, lower operating costs, increase building efficiency and reliability, and improve occupant comfort. Devices today have several drawbacks, however. They can be cost-inefficient, complex to operate and to read, and they may lack real-time insights. Additionally, they may not employ sufficient power quality monitoring. These shortcomings can lead to difficulty in meeting recent sustainability efforts, and as such, an innovative solution is needed. # Solution For our project, we’d like to design and construct an improved device that monitors power quality and acts as a submeter to its loads – a device that is cost-effective, has high-fidelity data acquisition, and operates with an intuitive user interface LCD screen. Our project will solve the problems listed above by combining a power quality monitor along with a submeter in a cost-effective manner that stores real-time data and loads the data to a database that can be accessed through a website. More detailed specifications are presented below. We’ve divided our project into the following subsystems: Microcontroller/Software, Sensors and ICs, and Power. Note: We’ve looked into the work of a group who did a similar project last year and discussed some of the issues they faced; portions of this work will hopefully build on that and improve upon them. # Solution Components - Microcontroller/Software 1. ESP-32 or similar - Offers DSP - WiFi and Bluetooth Connectivity - Allows for expansion GPIO to add additional storage - Low power draw 2. SD Card Module - To save data in the event of power loss 3. Google Cloud hosting MySQL database or similar - Any online cheap database management system - Sensors and ICs 1. Voltage Sensing via Voltage Divider 2. Current Transformer (PA1005.070QNL by Pulse Electronics), measures current as well 3. ADE9153A - Single Phase Energy Metering IC 4. ADE9430 - Power Quality Metering IC - Power 1. 5V Li ion Battery (or can investigate other battery options if there are safety concerns with Li ion) 2. 3.3V Linear Regulator (to power PCB with IC’s and microcontroller) # Criterion for Success Our criterion for success is divided up into the following 5 categories: software, operation, power quality measurement, submeter measurement, and miscellaneous. These are our criteria for success: - Software 1. Online database that holds data such as timestamp, voltage, current, power, time of harmonic disturbances/power outages/voltage changes larger than 5% - Upload data to database every 15 minutes using WiFi/bluetooth 2. Displays waveforms of power outlet current and voltage 3. Displays whether or not there’s a power quality issue (for harmonic disturbances/power outages/voltage changes larger than 5%), the type of issue, followed by a notification - Operation 1. Self powering our device for at least 24 hours - Power Quality Measurement 1. Record harmonic disturbances 20 ms before and after 2. Record voltage changes larger than 5%, or power failures 3. Send this data to database when failures/disturbances occur - Submeter Measurement 1. Measure voltage, current, power of electrical load 2. Have an LCD Screen displaying instantaneous voltage, current, power - Miscellaneous / Stretch Goals 1. Keep construction costs as low as reasonably possible 2. Make device lean and visually tidy
31	AUTONOMOUS DRIVEWAY SALT DISPENSER	Arya Tyagi Candy Gao Mayura Kulkarni	Koushik Udayachandran	Viktor Gruev	design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.jpg photo2.webp photo3.webp presentation1.pdf proposal2.pdf video
	Team Members: - Mayura Kulkarni (mayurak2) - Candy Gao (junyig4) - Arya Tyagi (aryat2) Problem Freezing rain and extremely low temperatures during the winter season cause slippery driveways and sidewalks which make it difficult for people to walk and drive. Current methods of dispensing salt in these areas are done manually and are not very efficient. This is because salt is thrown randomly across these areas which results in wastage of salt and sometimes less salt in very icy areas. Also, these methods have safety risks as ice covering these areas makes it harder for people to walk to dispense the salt. It also increases the burden on homeowners to salt their driveways manually. Solution To solve this issue, we want to create a fully autonomous salt dispenser. Our solution would be a self-driving car that would dispense salt evenly across driveways and sidewalks. This would solve the issue of having slippery ice on the sidewalk/driveway when trying to leave your house. Also, allowing the car to only dispense salt on driveways and sidewalks will help to reduce the amount of salt that is wasted from randomly dispensing salt manually. The dispenser will consist of two main components. The first component is the autonomous steering of the car which will prevent the car from driving out of bounds, such as on the grass or outside of the driveway. Also, the second component is the dispensing of the salt using motors to allow the salt to be spread evenly across the surface. Solution Components Our Solution is made up of 2 components. 1. The Autonomous driving 2. Salt Dispensing Subsystem 1: Autonomous Boundary Detection For the first part of the project, we are trying to create autonomous driving for the car. To ensure that the car stays on the driveway, the car will need to be able to detect that the edge of the driveway has been reached and turn around. The way we are planning on doing this is by using a multitude of sensors to correctly analyze if the car has reached the edge of the driveway. This will include the detection of a color difference in where the robot is now versus what is in front of the robot, and we were going to use the difference in acoustic properties of grass and pavement to tell them apart using ultrasonic sensors. After testing the sensors we will create a threshold for what “reaching the end of the driveway” entails. We will also need to determine when the end of the driveway (the part that attaches to the sidewalk) has been reached and stop the car from moving further. We are handling this in a different way than we are handling the driveway/grass boundary because there is no guaranteed terrain change for the edge of the driveway which connects to the sidewalk. We are planning to use sensors (infrared or ultrasonic) to mark a boundary line for the car. The sensors will be attached to a wireless module and once it has detected that an object (the car) has crossed the set boundary, it will send a signal to the microcontroller and stop the car. Components: - Infrared Sensor - Color Sensor - Ultrasonic Sensor/ Air Transducer? - Wireless module Subsystem 2: Salt dispenser and motion For the second part of the project, we are going to create a salt dispenser. The salt dispenser will have a similar mechanism to current salt spreader products on the market. Specifically, the dispenser will consist of a container to hold the salt. At the bottom of the container, there will be a small hole in which the salt will fall through which will be initially closed. By pressing a ‘Start,’ button on the PCB, the hole will open which will allow the salt to fall and start the motors of the car. A rotating disk with multiple blades will be placed below the container to allow the falling salt to be projected out of the disk to the ground. The rotation speed of the disk will be controlled by the speed of the car. The front two wheels of the car will each have one motor in order to control the direction and motion of the car. The motors must also have sufficient power to move the car with the weight of the salt. The motors will be controlled using a microcontroller. Components: - Microcontroller - Motor Control Module: - Power supply - Start button on PCB for opening the hole at the bottom of the container - Body of the Car - 2 motors to control the front two wheels of the car - 4x wheels - Disk for salt dispensing - Container to hold salt Criterion For Success - The car will be able to open the hole within the salt container and start the motors once the ‘Start,’ button has been pressed. - The car will be able to travel across the driveway without crossing onto the grass - The car will dispense salt evenly onto the driveway - The car will stop and shut off once it reaches the end of the driveway
32	Automatic trading card sorter	Andrejun Agsalud David Medina Steve Guzman	Nikhil Arora	Arne Fliflet	appendix1.pdf design_document1.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.jpg photo2.jpg presentation1.pdf proposal1.pdf video
	# Automatic trading card sorter # Team Members: - Andrejun Agsalud (agsalud2) - David Medina (davidrm3) - Steve Guzman (steveg3) # Problem Trading cards have become a market which have sold collectibles for as high as thousands of dollars. Knowing this, it has become important to be able to differentiate and sort cards when trying to sell. The problem is that some people own thousands of cards. Going through each card individually to find what’s worth selling as a single and what can be sold in bulk would take a significant amount of time. # Solution We plan to automate the process of sorting trading cards using OpenCV to control a machine to sort cards into separate bins. The machine would take a single card out of the card holder and place it into a spot to be read by a camera and raspberry pi using OpenCV. Using info from the pi, the machine would place the correct bin to the correct place before dropping the card off. # Solution Components ## Mechanical module This system will encompass a physical card holder that will be emptied out by two wheeled motors that will grab one card and move it onto a conveyor belt. Once on this belt, powered by another set of motors, the camera will detect what color the card is and move the card to the appropriate grouping. This could be achieved through rotating banks that will organize the cards into different slots or a set of banks in sequence for them to drop into, another set of motors will be needed to move the card off the camera spot. To sense the distance the cards will be moving, we can use software to calculate the distance of each step of a stepper motor. ## Card Analysis This will consist of a raspberry hat that will allow for the use of a small esp32 camera that will be sending its picture to the raspberry pi for OpenCV analysis. The module itself will house the camera and the pi since both will need to be in communication with each other. From here, the module can then send the necessary signals to the mechanical module for reading of the next card. Raspberry Pi Pi-cam Other resistors/regulators for the motors # Criterion For Success To demonstrate the success of the project, a deck of pokemon cards should be able to be inserted and sorted by color in a reasonable manner. This should function without any of the cards being damaged and without jamming. If an error occurs, there should be a mechanism to stop the system for the user to see what has happened and reset. Correct calculations for stepper motors to move the card into camera and sorting bins 90% color rating accuracy for the camera.
33	Chess Playing Robot with Computer Vision Honorable Mention	Jose Flores Joshua Hur Zack Alonzo	Zicheng Ma	Viktor Gruev	design_document1.pdf design_document2.pdf final_paper2.pdf photo1.jpg presentation1.pdf proposal1.pdf proposal2.pdf video
	# Chess Playing Robot with Computer Vision jhur22, joseaf3, zalonzo2 ## Problem Our project’s goal is to address the need for a tangible and interactive chess-playing device, enabling users to play in the physical world against a chess AI rather than relying on digital platforms. Designed for both beginners and advanced players, the chess-playing robot would provide an engaging alternative to mobile apps, allowing for skill development and strategic thinking in a hands-on manner. ## Solution We plan to develop an autonomous chess-playing robot that eliminates the need for a human opponent by incorporating our own chess algorithm with varying difficulty levels. Using a system involving a magnet and motors beneath the board, the computer opponent’s chess pieces will move autonomously while the human player will simply pick up and place their pieces. Then, our robot will analyze the current board position by capturing an image through a camera and will identify all the pieces on the board by identifying each piece's color, associating it with the corresponding chess piece. With this updated board, we will now be able to determine the optimal move based on the chosen difficulty level and current board position. When identified, our code will output the necessary information to the system with the magnet and the motors underneath the board to move its intended piece and wait for the subsequent human player’s move (additionally, a button press will “submit” the player’s move). ## Solution Components The project contains three major subsystems to accomplish its task. - Magnetic Chess Board - Computer Vision-based Chess Board Visualizer - AI Chess Algorithm ## Subsystem 1: Magnetic Chess Board A version of this board already exists in the machine shop from a previous student project, so this part is mostly complete. However, our goal will still be to improve upon the design of the board, as the current board has some issues with the main magnet and its consistency in grabbing the chess pieces. The chess board itself consists of 3 motors: 2 for one axis (AXIS1) and 1 for the other axis (AXIS2). The purpose of having 2 motors for AXIS1 is to prevent AXIS2 from tilting and being offset. Connected to AXIS2 is a magnet that will be responsible for moving pieces on the computer’s side of the board. When the computer executes a ply, the code running on the microcontroller will move the magnet to the piece’s starting position. Once it arrives, it will activate a voltage high to enable the magnet to grab the chess piece. Once held, it will navigate through the board to the desired end location, activate a voltage low, and finish its ply. Because the pieces will be sliding around flush with the board, the pieces or board need to be modified. In chess, knights can move over other pieces so to avoid collisions with other pieces, we thought of centering all chess pieces in their respective tiles and guiding chess pieces along the lines or borders of a board. To complete the solution, we thought of two ideas: Method 1: Enlarge the board to grant the pieces more clearance when moving around the board. Method 2: Reduce the size of the pieces to give them more space when moving around. The method we go with will depend on where we can store the board because we want it to be large but not so big that we can’t easily move it somewhere, such as between the machine shop and the lab room. Parts: - Motor: Mercury Motor SM-42BYG011-25 2 Phase 1.8° 32/20 (x3) (already have) - Large Magnet (already have) - Chess Board with Plastic Sheet Covering - ESP32 S3 Microcontroller (we can get this from the ECE supplies instead of using our budget) ## Subsystem 2: Chess Board Visualizer with Computer Vision This will be the main challenge of the project. First, we require an arduino camera that will be mounted above the chess board, enabling us to have a top-down view of all of the chess pieces. This camera will utilize a MIPI interface, allowing us to connect it to the CSI port of a Raspberry Pi and run all of our code for the computer vision part (and the Raspberry Pi will be mounted on our PCB to create a Pi HAT). Next, each of the 32 magnetic chess pieces will be color coded. With 6 types of pieces, we will use the 3 primary colors (red, blue, and yellow) along with the 3 colors in between the primary ones (purple, green, and orange). To differentiate between the opposing sides, the human player will have a darker shade of these colors and the robot will use lighter shades. Parts: - Colored Chess Pieces with Magnetic Bottoms (x32): (will 3D print our own) - Neodymium Magnets (x32): https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BVYFSDNS/ref=twister_B0C6X3LNB9?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1 [$13] - Raspberry Pi: (SC0685 Raspberry Pi \| Embedded Computers \| DigiKey) [$60] - MIPI Camera: (SC0194(9) Raspberry Pi \| Embedded Computers \| DigiKey) [$55] ## Subsystem 3: AI Chess Algorithm The artificial intelligence agent will need to calculate optimal moves of various proficiency based on Subsystem 2’s computer vision. The agent’s logic will be based on Python’s chess library to calculate effective moves, check the legality of said moves, and judge a game’s outcome (a win, defeat, or stalemate). To check the status of the chess board (e.g. piece positions), Python’s chess library needs to parse in a string to describe the board. The syntax of the string needs to be in Forsyth-Edwards Notation (FEN) and it denotes the following. - Piece locations - Active color’s ply - Castling availability - Enpassant possibilities - Half move clock - Full move number An example board for FEN could be "rnbqkbnr/pppppppp/8/8/8/8/PPPPPPPP/RNBQKBNR". More details for parsing and other information can be found here: https://python-chess.readthedocs.io/en/latest/core.html ## Criteria for Success (5 things) - Computer vision algorithm correctly identifies piece positions on the board with high accuracy - Successfully update internal representation of board - Magnet correctly grabs intended piece and does not make the current piece bump into others - Robot will successfully detect if the human player cheats/performs an illegal move - Chess board moves the pieces to the intended positions with high accuracy ## Proposal for Expansion A really fun expansion that we want to do is to make this a more universal game-playing robot rather than just a chess-playing robot by adding games like Checkers, Go, Sorry, etc. Once we have the base chess game working with the magnetic arm on the bottom and the CV, all we would have to do is 3D print more pieces, make a new sheet to put on top of the board, and use other libraries for rules for other games and interface that with how to move the magnetic arm for the specific game.
34	SELF ADJUSTING VOLUME PEDAL	Chris Jurczewski Noah DuVal Norbert Lazarz	Nithin Balaji Shanthini Praveena Purushothaman	Jonathon Schuh	design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.jpg presentation1.pdf proposal2.pdf
	Team Members: - nlazarz2 - nbduval2 - cmj7 # Problem One problem with adjusting volume manually is that it's tedious and often causes changes in the tone of the amp. Another problem this poses is during live performances, when you would like guitars to be less or more prominent when playing different songs, there is no way for the player themselves to adjust themselves without relying on someone mixing during their set. Volume is also room dependent so changing locations will result in the volume being changed which can often be unwanted. # Solution To solve these problems we propose a pedal that will adjust the volume of the amp’s output depending on the chosen decibel setting located on the pedal. This project will have two subsystems that will work together to collect, process, and alter the output of the amp. The first subsystem is the pedal itself which will allow the user to select the desired dB setting they would like to hear. The second is the microphone attachment to the guitar which will collect auditory data from the amp and transmit it wirelessly to the pedal. After the pedal receives the signal it will filter out the unnecessary frequencies and bring the volume of the signal up to the preset number and keep that volume wherever the player is. # Solution Components ## Pedal Subsystem The pedal itself will contain the main PCB which will be in charge of taking in readings from microphones on the guitar. The microcontroller will then be programmed to filter the audio so there is as little noise as possible and will not consider frequencies outside a guitar’s range. It will then use these readings to determine the level of volume it tells the amp to output. This will be determined by averaging the sound over a certain period of time and bringing it up to the preset number on the pedal depending on the distance of the player. - Possibly looking at using the ESP32-S3 Microcontroller due to its built in wifi and bluetooth capabilities that we would like to use to communicate between the microphone and custom pcb - A multitude of resistors, capacitors and OpAmps to create an analog noise filter before the digital filter to remove general ambient noise. - A 4.4mm jack is needed to connect the pedal to a guitar/amp ## Guitar Subsystem On the front and back of the guitar will be wireless microphones that will pick up the outgoing sound from the amp and will send it to the first subsystem to be used for filtering and calculations. - Will require some form of bluetooth microphone that will connect to the pedal - Will need some form of external power and a way to easily attach and detach from a guitar # Criterion For Success - Audio is noticeably changed by the varying distance between player and amp - Audio stays consistent for player and does not jump or stutter - Audio does not change tone or effects created by other pedals or amp presets - Pedal is not affected by frequencies outside it’s set range (80-1500 Hz) -Internal components are relatively inexpensive
35	Bat Migration Monitor [PITCHED PROJECT]	Aidan Rafferty Hoguer Benitez Hernandez Romin Patel	Tianxiang Zheng	Viktor Gruev	design_document1.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.png presentation1.pptx proposal1.pdf
	# Bat Migration Monitor [PITCHED PROJECT] ## Team Members: - Aidan Rafferty (Aidanr4) - Hoguer Benitez (Hoguerb2) - Romin Patel (Rominmp2) ## Design Requirements: - GPS tag that emits VHF - VHF duration: 7-14 days - Goal Weight: 1.5g - Dimensions: 21 x 13 x 5 mm - VHF range: 1 km - Battery life: 3 days straight - Data collection every 5-10 min periods over 6 hour timeframe - Rechargeable - Temperature Sensor # Problem The population of bats, whose presence provides pest control, pollination, and seed dispersal has been on decline due to various reasons such as WNS, habit destruction, and wind turbines(>400,00 hoary bats are killed by wind turbines annually). Due to the unawareness of their migratory path, minimum support has been provided in order to protect them. At the moment, there are VHF & Untraceable GPS tags currently available in the market, however, they both have their own downsides. The VHF tags are very labor intensive and only are beneficial when the bat is stationary. Untraceable GPS tags are unable to be retrieved which creates a lot of data loss of the paths. Additionally, both tags have a pricey dollar tag attached to both. In order to aid in bat conservation efforts, we need to learn more about the bats’ migration habits, which calls for the need of a new low-cost tracking product, such that it can improve the devices that are currently in the market in order to preserve the current population of bats. # Solution Our design is aimed to have low-cost VHF & GPS technology that can store the bat’s movement as well as send a signal for tracking data. This information will help us gather data for the bats’ winter-summer migration paths, and use it to prevent the further increase in bats’ casualties. For our design, it is essential to construct a device that incorporates a GPS tag integrated with VHF tracking capabilities to resolve issues that current devices have in the market. The construction of the device must ensure a weight below 1.5g and have an approximately 21x13x5 mm dimensions, such that the device would have no interference with the flight capabilities of bats. # Solution Components ## Subsystem 1: Rechargeable Battery (Power) The Power subsystem of the device requires us to use rechargeable batteries. We’ve looked at Lithium-ion and primary lithium cells, and we’ve decided to use Lithium-ion to meet the power density and rechargeable requirements. Due to the complexity of this project, we haven’t picked a specific battery, but due to the weight requirements, we want to stay in the range of 35-50 mAh. We have, however, picked a potential battery, but trade-offs and flexibility is still our priority here. - Potential Battery - https://www.powerstream.com/ultra-light.htm GM051215; 3.7 V; 50mAH; 1.2g ## Subsystem 2: Low dropout regulator The LOD regulator will be used to bring down the voltage from the battery to the GPS and VHF. We’re going to stay away from designing our own voltage/current dividers and use the IC already in the market. Specific LOD regulator is still to be determined, however, since the battery we’re looking at will use 3.7V and the components use 3.3V, these are the specs we’ll look for. ## Subsystem 3: GPS Data Logging For our project it is essential to have a device that is able to provide accurate position data of the bat. Beyond functionality, we also need to consider the dimensions and weight of the device as well such that it can comfortably be attached to the bat without hindering its flight capabilities. We believe that this chip would be suitable for our project as it fits within the dimension and weight constraints, while also still delivering the necessary functionality for tracking at very low power consumption. The data then would be written from the GPS module to the EEPROM chip by the microcontroller. GPS Data Tracker - Max-M10M https://content.u-blox.com/sites/default/files/documents/MAX-M10M_DataSheet_UBX-22028884.pdf ## Subsystem 4: VHF Transmitter The VHF transmitter system will be in the 148-152MHz band and needs to have a range of at least 1 km. The receiver used by the lab has a minimal detectable limit of -150dBm and -133dBm with the DSP using a 3 pole Yagi antenna with a gain of 7.7 dBi. Given the Wavelength of 2 meters and the incredibly small form factor requirements and omnidirectional need the antenna will be electrically small giving a predicted gain around 1.76 dBi. This means the transmitter will need to output at atleast 13 dBm to be detected by the receiver. The modulation scheme is a simple pulse of width 12ms and fundamental frequency of 1-.1 Hz. Right now we are most likely going to Use the ADF7020-1 Transceiver to accomplish the transmitter but are also continuing to work on a discrete component design and comparing designs for the Design Document. While the ADF7020-1 fits all the requirements perfectly, and has very low power draw in the off state, it takes up a rather large footprint and comes with a large amount of unnecessary features. # Criterion For Success In order to successfully complete this challenge, we need to be able to implement the data collection, VHF, GPS, and weight goal. The last three subsystems are vital to obtain the research data collection, and the weight is important due to the subject that we’re putting the device on, the bats. The rest of the specs would be greatly beneficial, but are not vital for the device to perform, hence we’ll categorize these as potential device enhancements.
36	Anti-Lock Braking for Bicycles	Aidan Rodgers Ethan Chastain Leon Ku	Nithin Balaji Shanthini Praveena Purushothaman	Jonathon Schuh	design_document4.pdf final_paper2.pdf other1.jpeg photo1.jpeg presentation1.pptx proposal2.pdf video
	Anti-Lock Braking for Bicycles Team Members: - Ethan Chastain (ecc5) - Aidan Rodgers (aidanfr2) - Leon Ku (leonku2) # Problem Bicycles present a challenge because they often lack or charge a premium for the features that cars have, like Anti-Lock Braking Systems (ABS). This happens because bicycles are primarily designed for short distance commuting. Unlike cars that come with a range of amenities, bicycles prioritize simplicity. However, this difference in design leads to a discrepancy in safety and convenience features. Bicycle riders do not have the braking capabilities and automated speed regulation that many cars offer. This absence of features like ABS can be particularly dangerous as bicycles are prone to skidding; thus increasing the risk of accidents. As mobility solutions, bicycles sacrifice these functionalities, which means riders must navigate roads with heightened awareness and limited technological assistance. # Solution In order to improve the safety of bicycles via cheaper, preventative features, we could consider adding technologies commonly used in cars. For instance, adding an Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) would reduce the risk of skidding by braking more efficiently; thereby improving overall safety. More importantly, the use of ABS ensures better stability for riders and helps prevent accidents like collisions at an intersection. By embracing these technologies, bicycles can offer riders safer, cheaper rides with improved ease of use. We plan to use one of the bikes provided by the workshop and add a braking system that both detects locking and modulates braking to account for it. # Solution Components ## Subsystem 1 - Speed sensing We plan to use a Hall effect sensor (potential part number: DRV5023BIQLPGMQ1) to sense rotational motion of the bicycle’s rear wheel, to determine the speed of the bicycle. This will interface directly with the microcontroller to allow for the braking system to pulse the brakes if locking occurs. The sensor will also be used to record data, in order to test for proper operation. ## Subsystem 2 - Braking This system takes inputs from the microprocessor to operate the brakes of the bicycle. The braking subsystem consists of a servo motor and a gear system to mechanically pull the brake cable, upon input from the microprocessor. As this system will interfere with the normal mechanical braking system of the bicycle, we will implement buttons in place of the typical brake controls on the handlebars, which will interface with the microprocessor to allow for the bicycle to brake. ## Subsystem 3 - Microprocessor The microprocessor subsystem will take information from the Hall effect sensors about the rotational speed of the bicycle’s wheel. This subsystem will use an ATMega controller to implement the control algorithms. We plan to use LQR or PID control as a means of tracking constant slopes to prevent wheel locking when decelerating. By this method, we will be able to flash a controller onto the microcontroller in order to embed our control on the PCB. # Criterion For Success To qualitatively test the bicycle’s anti-lock braking mechanism, we will place the bicycle on a treadmill and slam the brakes, to observe visually the bicycle’s braking operation. During this test, data from the Hall effect sensor relating to the speed of the bicycle’s rear wheel will be recorded during the test, demonstrating that the bicycle is slowing down properly and efficiently.
37	Musicians' Essential Link for Optimized Digital Instrument Connection (MELODIC)	Colin Devenney Macrae Wilson Ryan Libiano	Koushik Udayachandran	Jonathon Schuh	design_document1.pdf design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf other1.pdf presentation1.pdf proposal1.pdf
	# MELODIC Team Members: - Colin Devenney (colinfd2) - Ryan Libiano (libano2) - Macrae Wilson (macraew2) # Problem A common problem associated with live performing is the rats nest of audio and control cables required to run front of house equipment, digital effects, and instruments, to name a few. However, in recent times UHF, VHF and ISM systems have taken mainstay in the industry to overcome this problem. For a large performance, a $10,000+ rack dedicated to wireless audio systems make sense. For the performing musician on a budget, such as a small house band or a coffee shop artist, current budget products (<$300) suffer from problems such as data packet collisions, limited audio quality, and lack features such as frequency hopping and diversity. # Solution A wireless system designed to connect two audio devices (keyboard to speaker, guitar to amp) using two MELODICs. The idea is a pair of devices using Texas Instruments’ CC8530 RF SOC’s as the microcontroller/host for peripheral devices, such as the CC2590 range extender and the TLV320AIC3204 audio codec. The main components of the system include a power subsystem using a 9V battery, an audio system (codec, control), and digital RF (CC8530, range extender). We will create two identical devices which can be used interchangeably (as master or slave). # Solution Components ## Subsystem 1 - Power 9V battery with buck converter to account for 3.3V required for CC8530. Additionally, a linear regulator may need to be used to account for voltage rippling. ## Subsystem 2 - Audio This includes the audio codec chip TLV320AIC3204 and buttons for controlling the power and pairing. Additionally, the TLV320AIC3204 chip communicates with the CC8530 through an I2C bidirectional bus for control processing and I2S for audio processing. The CC8530 also includes software from Texas Instruments which allows for easy programming. The TLV320AIC3204 allows for Line-in and Line-out ports for use with musical and audio devices. These will be connected to ¼ inch TRS jacks so the device can act as either a master or a slave depending on the programmed firmware. ## Subsystem 3 - Digital RF RF processing is done through the CC8530 chip as well as the CC2590 range extender. These two chips will be coupled with a microstrip line, and associated circuitry for balancing and matching the antenna will be connected to an SMA port on the output of the CC2590 range extender. The CC8530 chip, which will manage all the peripherals over I2C and I2S digital communication protocols. The chip features a Cortex Arm-M3 Microcontroller and associated radio and audio co-processing hardware needed for the digital and analog RF front end. The chip also handles the clocking, framing and transmission of the wireless data packets as well as the clock, audio transmission and control for TLV320AIC3204 audio codec. Using Texas Instruments Configuration tool we can set the chip to autonomously run on its own, without need for control from an external master. # Criterion For Success -All buttons (for now, power and pairing) should work as intended. -System should allow for monitoring power levels in each device (LEDs). -Line-in line-out connection compatible with instruments. -Coexistence with existing 2.4GHz protocols such as bluetooth and WLAN. -Able to transmit lossless CD quality audio. Human-friendly enclosure with battery status LEDs and control buttons.
38	Smart Glasses for the Blind ECE 445 Instructor's Award	Abdul Maaieh Ahmed Nahas Siraj Khogeer	Sanjana Pingali	Jonathon Schuh	design_document1.pdf final_paper2.pdf photo1.png photo2.png presentation1.pptx proposal2.pdf video
	# Team Members - Ahmed Nahas (anahas2) - Siraj Khogeer (khogeer2) - Abdulrahman Maaieh (amaaieh2) # Problem: The underlying motive behind this project is the heart-wrenching fact that, with all the developments in science and technology, the visually impaired have been left with nothing but a simple white cane; a stick among today’s scientific novelties. Our overarching goal is to create a wearable assistive device for the visually impaired by giving them an alternative way of “seeing” through sound. The idea revolves around glasses/headset that allow the user to walk independently by detecting obstacles and notifying the user, creating a sense of vision through spatial awareness. # Solution: Our objective is to create smart glasses/headset that allow the visually impaired to ‘see’ through sound. The general idea is to map the user’s surroundings through depth maps and a normal camera, then map both to audio that allows the user to perceive their surroundings. We’ll use two low-power I2C ToF imagers to build a depth map of the user’s surroundings, as well as an SPI camera for ML features such as object recognition. These cameras/imagers will be connected to our ESP32-S3 WROOM, which downsamples some of the input and offloads them to our phone app/webpage for heavier processing (for object recognition, as well as for the depth-map to sound algorithm, which will be quite complex and builds on research papers we’ve found). --- # Subsystems: ## Subsystem 1: Microcontroller Unit We will use an ESP as an MCU, mainly for its WIFI capabilities as well as its sufficient processing power, suitable for us to connect - ESP32-S3 WROOM : https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/espressif-systems/ESP32-S3-WROOM-1-N8/15200089 ## Subsystem 2: Tof Depth Imagers/Cameras Subsystem This subsystem is the main sensor subsystem for getting the depth map data. This data will be transformed into audio signals to allow a visually impaired person to perceive obstacles around them. There will be two Tof sensors to provide a wide FOV which will be connected to the ESP-32 MCU through two I2C connections. Each sensor provides a 8x8 pixel array at a 63 degree FOV. - x2 SparkFun Qwiic Mini ToF Imager - VL53L5CX: https://www.sparkfun.com/products/19013 ## Subsystem 3: SPI Camera Subsystem This subsystem will allow us to capture a colored image of the user’s surroundings. A captured image will allow us to implement egocentric computer vision, processed on the app. We will implement one ML feature as a baseline for this project (one of: scene description, object recognition, etc). This will only be given as feedback to the user once prompted by a button on the PCB: when the user clicks the button on the glasses/headset, they will hear a description of their surroundings (hence, we don’t need real time object recognition, as opposed to a higher frame rate for the depth maps which do need lower latency. So as low as 1fps is what we need). This is exciting as having such an input will allow for other ML features/integrations that can be scaled drastically beyond this course. - x1 Mega 3MP SPI Camera Module: https://www.arducam.com/product/presale-mega-3mp-color-rolling-shutter-camera-module-with-solid-camera-case-for-any-microcontroller/ ## Subsystem 4: Stereo Audio Circuit This subsystem is in charge of converting the digital audio from the ESP-32 and APP into stereo output to be used with earphones or speakers. This included digital to audio conversion and voltage clamping/regulation. Potentially add an adjustable audio option through a potentiometer. - DAC Circuit - 2Op-Amp for Stereo Output, TLC27L1ACP:https://www.ti.com/product/TLC27L1A/part-details/TLC27L1ACP - SJ1-3554NG (AUX) - Connection to speakers/earphones https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/cui-devices/SJ1-3554NG/738709 - Bone conduction Transducer (optional, to be tested) - Will allow for a bone conduction audio output, easily integrated around the ear in place of earphones, to be tested for effectiveness. Replaced with earphones otherwise. https://www.adafruit.com/product/1674 ## Subsystem 5: App Subsystem - React Native App/webpage, connects directly to ESP - Does the heavy processing for the spatial awareness algorithm as well as object recognition or scene description algorithms (using libraries such as yolo, opencv, tflite) - Sends audio output back to ESP to be outputted to stereo audio circuit ## Subsystem 6: Battery and Power Management This subsystem is in charge of Power delivery, voltage regulation, and battery management to the rest of the circuit and devices. Takes in the unregulated battery voltage and steps up or down according to each components needs - Main Power Supply - Lithium Ion Battery Pack - Voltage Regulators - Linear, Buck, Boost regulators for the MCU, Sensors, and DAC - Enclosure and Routing - Plastic enclosure for the battery pack --- # Criterion for Success Obstacle Detection:* - Be able to identify the difference between an obstacle that is 1 meter away vs an obstacle that is 3 meters away. - Be able to differentiate between obstacles on the right vs the left side of the user - Be able to perceive an object moving from left to right or right to left in front of the user MCU: - Offload data from sensor subsystems onto application through a wifi connection. - Control and receive data from sensors (ToF imagers and SPI camera) using SPI and I2C - Receive audio from application and pass onto DAC for stereo out. App/Webpage: - Successfully connects to ESP through WIFI or BLE - Processes data (ML and depth map algorithms) - Process image using ML for object recognition - Transforms depth map into spatial audio - Sends audio back to ESP for audio output Audio: - Have working stereo output on the PCB for use in wired earphones or built in speakers - Have bluetooth working on the app if a user wants to use wireless audio - Potentially add hardware volume control Power: - Be able to operate the device using battery power. Safe voltage levels and regulation are needed. - 5.5V Max
39	Hand gesture controlled audio effects system	Sarthak Singh Sergio Bernal Zachary Baum	Zicheng Ma	Jonathon Schuh	design_document1.pdf design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf proposal1.pdf
	Team Members: Sarthak Singh (singh94) Zachary Baum (zbaum2) Sergio Bernal (sergiob2) Problem In audio production, both amateur and professional settings lack intuitive, hands-free control over audio effects. This limitation restricts the creativity and efficiency of users, particularly in live performance scenarios or in situations where physical interaction with equipment is challenging. Solution Overview Our project aims to develop a gesture-controlled audio effects processor. This device will allow users to manipulate audio effects through hand gestures, providing a more dynamic and expressive means of audio control. The device will use motion sensors to detect gestures, which will then adjust various audio effect parameters in real-time. Solution Components: Gesture Detection Subsystem: The Gesture Detection Subsystem in our audio effects system uses a camera to track hand movements and orientations. The camera will be connected to a Raspberry PI which then sends signals to our custom PCB. The system processes sensor data in real time, minimizing latency and filtering out inaccuracies. Users can customize gesture-to-effect mappings, allowing for personalized control schemes. This subsystem is integrated with the audio processing unit, ensuring that gestures are seamlessly translated into desired audio effect alterations. Audio Processing Subsystem: The Audio Processing Subsystem uses a DSP algorithm to modify audio signals in real time. It includes various audio effects like reverb and delay, which change based on the user's hand gestures detected by the Gesture Detection Subsystem. This part of the system allows users to customize these effects easily. The DSP works closely with the gesture system, making it easy for users to control audio effects simply through gestures. Specifically, we are using a STM32 microcontroller on a custom PCB to handle this subsystem. Control Interface Subsystem: The Control Interface Subsystem in our audio effects processor provides a user-friendly interface for displaying current audio effect settings and other relevant information. This subsystem includes a compact screen that shows the active audio effects, their parameters, and the intensity levels set by the gesture controls. It is designed for clarity and ease of use, ensuring that users can quickly glance at the interface to get the necessary information during live performances or studio sessions. Power Subsystem: The Power Subsystem for our audio effects processor is simple and direct. It plugs into a standard AC power outlet and includes a power supply unit that converts AC to the DC voltages needed for the processor, sensors, and control interface. This design ensures steady and reliable power, suitable for long use periods, without the need for batteries. Criterion for Success: Our solution will enable users to intuitively control multiple audio effects in real time through gestures. The device will be responsive, accurate, and capable of differentiating between a wide range of gestures. It will be compatible with a variety of audio equipment and settings, from studio to live performance. Alternatives: Existing solutions are predominantly foot-pedal or knob-based controllers. These are limiting in terms of the range of expression and require physical contact. Our gesture-based solution offers a more versatile and engaging approach, allowing for a broader range of expression and interaction with audio effects.
40	Precision Dumbbell Assistant	Cole Trautman Ellie Beck Ronit Kumar	Douglas Yu	Arne Fliflet	design_document1.pdf final_paper1.pdf presentation1.pptx proposal1.pdf proposal2.pdf video
	# Team Members - Cole Trautman (colept2) - Ronit Kumar (ronitk2) - Ellie Beck (elliana2) # Problem Many gym goers struggle to maintain proper form during their workouts with dumbbells, which is why they rely heavily on exercise machines. However, if you are trying to construct an at-home gym, it is not feasible to order too many machines. Hence, there should be a way to help people maintain proper form even when they just use dumbbells. To start simple, we will first make our design compatible with bicep curls. We will add more exercises depending on time constraints. # Solution Our design will use 3 6-axis (accelerometer and gyroscope) IMU sensors on each arm to calculate the position of each arm and ensure that the user is performing the exercise correctly. There will be two small sensor boards located on the lower arm and shoulder, and a larger main board with another sensor on the upper arm. There will also be a battery that will be attached to the user, most likely on the upper arm or back. There will be a total of 5 subsystems in this design: sensing, processing, wireless communication, feedback, and power # Solution Components ## Sensing The sensing subsystem consists of 6 total LSM6DSMTR 6-axis IMUs, 3 for each arm. Each IMU will be on its own board, and connected to the processor via SPI. As mentioned before, the sensors will be located on the lower and upper arm, as well as the shoulder, which should allow us to accurately track the entire arm and dumbbell. The two small sensor boards will be connected to the main board with some kind of wire harness for power and SPI. ## Processing The processing subsystem contains the two ESP32 processors. These were chosen because of their wireless capabilities, which we will get to later. Each processor will initialize its three sensors and then read in the sensor data and make sure that they are within the threshold necessary to perform the exercise correctly. ## Wireless Communication This subsystem will handle the communication between the two ESP32 processors, as well as to the user’s phone so that they can see feedback via the feedback subsystem. We plan to use BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy), but if we run into problems with that ESP32 also should support WiFi. ## Feedback This subsystem will handle the audible and visual feedback needed to let the user know whether they are doing the exercise correctly or not. We plan to have a buzzer on each main board to provide audible feedback, and a phone app to provide visual feedback. We want to at least list data regarding the number of curls, speed of workout, and angle of movements. Based on the data, it will compile a report that describes the accuracy of the user's form. If we can make some sort of graphic that displays where the movement was incorrect that would be incredibly helpful, although implementing this feature seems like it would be very time consuming. ## Power Power will come from two 3.7V Li-ion battery packs, one on each arm. We plan to have these near the main board that attaches to the upper arm, but if it is too heavy it could be located elsewhere. This subsystem will also contain the circuitry needed to convert the voltage down to the voltage needed by the processor and sensors if needed. # Criterion For Success Our device needs to be accurate in motion and form analysis. To test this goal, we should be able to move our arms at the same distance and angle that we determine from our research of an online fitness expert and the feedback should be positive. We will also need to test each of our sensors individually to ensure that the accelerometer and gyroscope are providing accurate data based on our movements. We also need to provide real time feedback to the user for improper form. To test this goal, we will purposely use improper form and the buzzer should sound to alert the user. Our device should also allow the user to do proper movements. When we connect the sensors and ESP32 microcontroller, we will have to make sure that we don’t have overly rigid connections that prevent the user from moving their body parts naturally.
41	Smart Analytics Insole	Alyssa Huang Ramsey Van Der Meer Tony Leapo	Selva Subramaniam	Viktor Gruev	design_document1.pdf final_paper2.docx other1.pdf photo1.HEIC photo2.HEIC presentation1.pptx proposal1.pdf proposal2.pdf
	Team Members: - Ramsey van der Meer (ramseyv2) - Alyssa Huang (azh4) - Tony Leapo (aleapo2) # PROBLEM Many people enjoy hiking since it allows for people of all fitness levels to experience the outdoors. However, oftentimes the constant repetitive pounding on hikers feet can lead to soreness or even injury. Many factors contribute to the injury risk factor including a hiker's gait, fitness level, the amount of weight carried, terrain, and much more. Currently, there are no products on the market which can deliver personalized feedback on foot stresses experienced over the duration of a hike. This information can be crucial in selecting appropriate footwear or even improving walking techniques to prevent injuries. Additionally, this information could be repurposed to provide a metric to measure the difficulties of hikes, as trails that place a lot of pressure on your feet can be shared amongst avid hikers. # SOLUTION Our solution is to develop an insertable insole equipped with many integrated pressure sensors and external accelerometers, and gyroscopes. These sensors will help monitor the dynamics of the foot during a hike by capturing data on the distribution of pressure across the foot, as well as the intensity of impacts, and the foot's orientation and movements. The insole will be constructed with durable but comfortable materials to ensure it does not alter the hiking experience negatively. It will be able to connect wirelessly through BlueTooth to a smartphone interface, enabling hikers to receive real-time feedback of the sensor data during their hike. After the hike, the interface will provide a comprehensive summary of the collected data, presenting insights into areas of the foot that experienced the most stress and impact, as well as other data collected about the user’s walking habits. This summary will include visual representations such as heat maps and graphs, illustrating the pressure points and movement patterns. Additionally, the interface will offer personalized recommendations based on the collected data. These could include suggestions for foot exercises, guidance on improving hiking techniques, and advice on selecting the right type of hiking footwear for individual needs. By providing hikers with this detailed and personalized information, our solution aims to enhance the hiking experience, reduce the risk of foot injuries, and contribute to the overall well-being of hiking enthusiasts. The insole will be designed to ensure compatibility with a range of different types of shoes, and the type of data we will be collecting can be generalized to solve other orthotic issues. # SOLUTION COMPONENTS ## SENSORS For the insole, we will integrate a combination of sensors to accurately track and analyze foot movements and pressures during hikes. These sensors will include an accelerometer, gyroscope, and pressure sensors. Accelerometer: This sensor we will use to measure movements that users will make as well as sudden changes to motion to better get a sense of where and when impacts happen. Gyroscope: The gyroscope sensor will measure the rotational movements and orientation of the foot. This would provide insight into how the foot moves during a hike. [Gyroscope and Accelerometer combined](https://www.amazon.com/HiLetgo-MPU-6050-Accelerometer-Gyroscope-Converter/dp/B078SS8NQV) Pressure Sensors: These sensors will be distributed across different areas on the insole to map the pressure exerted on different parts of the foot. This data is crucial for identifying high-stress areas and potential points of discomfort or injury. We could use thin and flexible pressure sensors like a Velostat conductive sheet.. This sensor works by increasing resistance as the sheet bends are applied to it, which we can measure with a voltage divider and see a change in voltage.. [Pressure Sensor - Velostat Conductive Sheet](https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/B00SK8LYK4/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=cabuu-21&camp=1634&creative=6738&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=B00SK8LYK4&linkId=a47b7f29f93a16fe2c6ea313720ea129) The data from these sensors will be collected and processed by a microcontroller unit external from the insole. This microcontroller would have to be capable of handling multiple inputs simultaneously from different sensors. We think the ESP32 fits the bill for a low-power, efficient microcontroller. This also includes Bluetooth for wireless data transmission to a smartphone interface. Additionally the data collected by the microcontroller would be saved to a micro SD card. [potential SD card interface](https://www.amazon.com/Storage-Memory-Shield-Module-Arduino/dp/B01IPCAP72) The insole will also be made to ensure comfort and durability, with sensors embedded in such a way that the insole seems just like any other. While the pressure sensor will be integrated into the material of the insole, the external sensors and electronics could be wrapped around the interior of the tongue or collar of the shoe, so as to not impede the gait of the hiker nor be at risk of getting damaged from impactful steps. The overall design will focus on creating an insole embedded with comfortable sensors, providing hikers with valuable insights into their foot mechanics. [Possible Microcontroller](https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/STMicroelectronics/STM32F303K8T6TR?qs=sPbYRqrBIVk%252Bs3Q4t9a02w%3D%3D) ## STATUS LEDS We plan to add status LEDs to provide clear, visual indications of various statuses. We would include a power status LED indicating when the device is running. This LED could be repurposed for power status, and change to a green color when the insole is charging. It might flash red when the power is low. We could also incorporate LEDs for other statuses, such as Bluetooth connectivity (whether or not bluetooth is activity paired or if it is in pairing mode), or a warning LED for sensor malfunction or disconnection. These LEDs will not only provide an additional interface for users to look at and easily understand the status of their device. This would also have the benefit of having much less power draw than a screen interface. ## USER INTERFACE The hiking boot insole monitoring system can be controlled through a combination of a user-friendly smartphone interface and integrated buttons or switches on the insole for versatility and convenience. The smartphone interface would be the primary interface including a full breakdown and analysis of sensor data. Through the interface, users can activate or deactivate data recording, view real-time data, adjust settings like data sync frequency, and access the history of their hikes. The interface could also provide notifications and reminders, such as when to charge the insole or if an irregular pattern is detected in foot pressure or motion. For times when using a smartphone is impractical, such as during intense hiking, simple physical controls on the insole can be a reliable alternative. A small, waterproof, and durable button or switch, ideally located on the side of the shoe, could be used for basic operations like turning the device on or off, and starting or stopping data recording. This dual-mode control system ensures that the device remains highly functional and accessible in various hiking conditions and user preferences. Additionally we could make it so that users would only have to connect their device to their phone/laptop after the hike is complete allowing them to save on battery life. This would require us to implement on device storeage. ## POWER We were thinking of using a lithium-ion battery to power the device, due to its compact size, rechargeability, and widespread availability. We would mount this battery externally from the insole to power the device. Considering the power requirements of the sensors (accelerometers, pressure sensors, and gyroscopes), the microcontroller, LEDs, and the Bluetooth module for data transmission, a battery capacity in the range of 200-300mAh would likely be sufficient. For reference, a FitBit sense worn on the wrist has a battery of about 266 mAh at 3.85 V. This capacity should provide enough power for a hike (approximately 4-6 hours) on a single charge, assuming moderate data recording and transmission frequency. The battery would be placed away from the insole. [Possible battery](https://www.amazon.com/battery-Rechargeable-Lithium-Polymer-Connector/dp/B07C9R84QS/ref=sr_1_5?keywords=200%2Bmah%2Bbattery&qid=1706654478&sr=8-5&th=1) # CRITERION FOR SUCCESS We would measure the success of our device on its ability to accurately measure, provide useful feedback and maintain user comfort. Key criteria include: - Accuracy and Reliability of Sensors: The insole should accurately capture data on foot pressure distribution, impact intensity, and foot motion using its accelerometer, pressure, and gyroscope. This data should be able to accurately reflect what the user is experiencing and filter out unwanted noise. This noise could happen due to weird impacts or rocks coming into shoes. - Comfort and Durability: The insole should have a high level of comfort for the user and seem like any other insole. It should also be able to stand up to use and not break easily. - Effective Data Communication: The data transmission should be robust enough to handle packet drops and still send all data from the sensors to an external device. These visualizations would include heat maps and graphs that would effectively communicate data. - On device storage: Ability to store data on device so that users will not have to remain connected to the device though out a hike. After which users can then connect to the device to offload data. - Battery Life and Power Management: Battery life on the insole is needed to be enough to power our device for longer hikes which may last up to 8 hours. - User Interface and Usability: The user interface of the smartphone should be intuitive and provide convenient access to the data and its insights. Our physical controls on the device itself should also be intuitive. to address data analytics we could include basic information shown in this video: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=z0Trr4gTw4I. Or we could allow users to bring this to a licensed podiatrist as none of us really could speak in a professional sense on this topic.
42	Multipurpose Temperature Controlled Chamber (for Consumer Applications) Best Overall Project	Isaac Brorson Mitchell Stermer Stefan Sokolowski	Selva Subramaniam	Jonathon Schuh	design_document1.pdf final_paper3.pdf photo2.jpg photo3.jpg photo4.jpg photo5.jpg presentation1.pdf proposal1.pdf video
	Multipurpose Temperature Controlled Chamber (for Consumer Applications) #TEAM MEMBERS: Stefan Sokolowski (stefans2) Mitchell Stermer (stermer2) Isaac Brorson (brorson2) #PROBLEM: Have you ever put a drink in the freezer to make it cool down faster, only to forget about it and later find it exploded and frozen? Or have you wanted to cook a steak, but forgotten to move it from the freezer to the refrigerator the previous day? Finally, has there ever been a time when you set food out overnight in order to prepare it for the next day but only to find that it didn’t thaw as expected? We have done all of these things plus more and have always wished there were a smart device that could quickly cool or warm food without freezing or cooking it. #SOLUTION: Our project would be a programmable temperature controlled chamber which allows a user to set the temperature curve of a food item they are planning on consuming in the near future. This device would be able to quickly heat or cool food to a desired temperature, then hold it at that temperature until the user is ready to use the food. The way someone would use this device would start by placing their food item in the device's insulative chamber and closing the door. The user interface would present the user with a variety of options: standard heating or cooling presets for common food items, temperature set and hold, or the ability to set a detailed temperature curve. If you want to cool a drink to just above freezing, you would select the corresponding menu option, and this device will lower the temperature of its chamber to well below freezing, then slowly raise its temperature to ensure the drink doesn't freeze. If you select the menu option to thaw a steak, this device will raise the temperature of the chamber to just below the point at which meat begins to cook, (roughly 105 degrees F) then slowly lower the temperature towards room temperature. This device could also be used for applications outside of cuisine. Say you’re running an experiment to test the capacity of a battery at different temperatures. You could set a temperature curve to visit several different temperatures and hold each one as your battery capacity tester runs its tests. This would allow you to automate an experiment that would otherwise require intermittent attention over the span of multiple hours. There are temperature controlled chambers on the market, but they’re all exorbitantly expensive and large for a household kitchen. We want to make a device that could sit on a countertop and be affordable to anyone who has the budget for other standard kitchen appliances. ![pic](https://i.imgur.com/HJiCQsN.png) #POWER We plan to use a dual output DC power supply such as the RD-125B[1] to power both our digital electronics and the high power heating and cooling elements. This power supply would be plugged directly into an outlet using a 120V plug, and would create 5V and 24V DC outputs. According to its datasheet[1], the RD-125B’s 24V output is rated to supply 4.6A, which equates to just over 110W. Based on our research of thermoelectric coolers and heating elements, we think this should be plenty of power for our application.The RD-125B’s 5V output is rated to supply far more power than our 5V electronics could possibly draw. #MECHANICAL DESIGN In order to reach temperatures below freezing with thermoelectric coolers, we’ll need to thermally insulate the chamber very well. Since this insulation needs to be able to withstand the heat produced by the heating elements, we landed on Kaowool. This ceramic wool insulates very well while also being rated to over 1000℃[2]. Since our device is intended for food applications, it’s important for our temperature controlled chamber to be waterproof and food safe. For this reason, we plan to purchase an off-the-shelf cooking pot such as this one[3]. By fitting a smaller pot inside of a slightly larger pot, we can create an affordable and convenient way to insulate our chamber. We can fit the gap between the pots with Kaowool insulation, and use the larger pot’s lid with Kaowool in it to seal the top. To heat the chamber, we plan to wrap a resistive heating element (such as nichrome wire) around the inner chamber. Since we plan to use an electrically conductive pot for our inner chamber, we’ll need to insulate the heating element from it to prevent shorting. This can be done with Kapton tape, which can withstand temperatures ranging from -269℃ to 400℃[4]. To cool the chamber, we plan to use thermoelectric cooling modules. These require a good thermal pathway to work well, so we’ll need to use a material with high thermal conductivity to mount them to the chamber wall. We plan to ask the machine shop to machine us aluminum mounts which match the curved outside surface of the pot composing the chamber to the flat faces of the thermoelectric cooling elements. Additionally, we’ll use thermal grease to reduce the thermal resistance of the junctions. The thermoelectric coolers will require rectangular holes cut through the wall of the outer pot so they can pump heat to outside of the device. We plan to mount our circuit board and the user interface electronics in an E-box attached to the side of the outer pot. We can use standoff rods to ensure the electronics don’t get heated or cooled too much from being close to the chamber, though we expect that our thermal insulation will be good enough for that not to be a concern. #HEATING SUBSYSTEM As mentioned in mechanical design, we plan to use a resistive heating element to heat the chamber. This will be powered by the higher voltage DC power rail produced by the power supply, which is 24V for the RD-125B. We'll use a solid state switch to control the current through the heating element. This allows us to control its power using PWM, which is essential for ensuring the chamber temperature remains below a certain prescribed level. The simplest and most cost effective switching device would be an N-channel power MOSFET such as the Taiwan Semiconductor TSM170N06CH[5]. #COOLING SUBSYSTEM We plan to use thermoelectric (Peltier) coolers to provide the cooling. These work as heat pumps, so we’ll need heat sinks and cooling fans to dissipate the heat they produce. The thermoelectric coolers and fans will be run off of the same higher voltage DC that powers the heating element. We want to have the option to run the thermoelectric coolers in reverse while the chamber is heating to prevent their heat sinks from cooling down the chamber. To do this we’ll need to power the thermoelectric coolers through an H-bridge so that we can reverse their polarities. The H-bridge can be composed of two N-channel MOSFETs such as the one mentioned above[5], and two P-channel MOSFETs such as the Rectron Semiconductor RM15P55LD[6]. The H bridge can be controlled by the STM32 microcontroller, allowing us to use PWM to vary the power supplied to the thermoelectric coolers. We may or may not need gate drivers for the H-bridge. Gate drivers are necessary for a fast switching rate, but our application doesn’t require high frequency PWM. #TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT SUBSYSTEMS To be as precise as possible, we want distinct temperature sensors for measuring the temperature of the air in the chamber and the temperature of the item being warmed or cooled. Measuring the temperature of the food is made difficult due to many food items having insulative packaging. (Glass bottles, styrofoam containers, etc...) Since we want our device to work for as wide of a range of food items as possible, we plan to give the user the option to select from multiple different interchangeable food temperature probes. Temperature sensing probes could include a meat thermometer, a flat metallic probe that could be placed on frozen meat, or a ring shaped thermometer that could go around a bottle or can. Temperature sensing (thermocouple / thermopile) may require some basic analog electronics, such as an op amp to amplify the small voltage produced by a thermocouple. #USER INTERFACE SUBSYSTEM We plan to use an STM32 microcontroller, for our use a STM32F103C8T6 would probably suffice with IO and processing power, but more capable F4’s might be considered if we add more sensors. The microcontroller and user interface will require logic level voltage DC. We would most likely use an I2C enabled LCD display as well as a bright, external RGB LED in order to show the user what state the machine is in from a distance. We plan to use a push button rotary encoder to allow the user to interact with the device, in addition to an ON/OFF switch and a "cancel" button. User feedback should be fairly simple and if time allows, we might consider connecting the device to an external service to send users notification as to the status of their heating/cooling cycle. The user interface screen will have multiple interactive menus: one to select the behavior mode of the device, one to set temperature and time values, one to show a temperature curve, and one to be displayed while the device is operating. #CHALLENGES & CONSIDERATIONS: - Everything inside the chamber will need to be able to withstand the full range of temperature. - Electronics will need to be very well thermally insulated from the chamber if we want to use it as an oven. - Since thermopiles operate off of a temperature gradient, they require a stable case temperature. This means we'll need to keep the thermocouple in a temperature controlled environment. - The chamber should ideally be made watertight for the case of a spill or leak. - When making the mechanical design, we'll need to keep in mind how different materials expand / contract at different rates when they're heated / cooled. #CRITERION FOR SUCCESS: - Inside of the chamber should be able to reach at a low end 0 degrees Celsius and at a high end 40 degrees Celsius. - Be able to hold temperature to within +-5 degrees Celsius of target temperature. - User has the ability to set target temperature, heating/cooling curve and max/min temperature allowances through GUI on an LCD display. - Display of current temperature, and possibly a plot of the temperature vs. time graph. - Ability to select the behavior of the device from a provided menu of presets for different foods. - (Stretch Goal) We could possibly include multiple different methods to measure food temperature in addition to the ambient temperature. (Stainless steel probe to measure the internal temperature of meats, thermocouple for bottles and containers) [1] Power Supply: https://www.mouser.com/datasheet/2/260/RD_125_SPEC-1511572.pdf [2] Kaowool: https://www.morganthermalceramics.com/media/llhhadih/5-14-205_kaowoolblankets_072018.pdf [3] Aluminum pot: https://www.amazon.com/Winco-Winware-Aluminum-Stockpot-12-Quart/dp/B001CHMIQ4/ref=sr_1_10?crid=1VECOQHCN2UC2&keywords=aluminum%2Bpot&qid=1706684643&sprefix=aluminum%2Bpot%2Caps%2C93&sr=8-10&th=1 [4] Kapton tape: https://www.dupont.com/electronics-industrial/kapton-hn.html#:~:text=Kapton%C2%AE%20HN%20has%20been,C%20(752%C2%B0F). [5] N channel MOSFET: https://services.ts.com.tw/storage/resources/datasheet/TSM170N06CH_A2211.pdf [6] P channel MOSFET: https://www.mouser.com/datasheet/2/345/rm15p55ld-1396325.pdf
43	Kitchen Dry Ingredient Tracker	Anju Jain Nynika Badam Sanjana Kumar	Vishal Dayalan	Arne Fliflet	design_document1.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.jpg photo2.heic photo3.heic presentation1.pdf proposal1.pdf video
	Kitchen Dry Ingredient Tracker Team Members: - Anju Jain (anjuyj2) - Nynika Badam (nbadam2) - Sanjana Kumar (spkumar4) Problem In our day to day lives, it's hard to keep track of ingredients in our kitchen and make sure we replenish it often. In order to remedy this, we propose a kitchen dry ingredient tracker. Solution Our system is designed to track and communicate with users about their ingredient necessities. Each individual ingredient tracker can be tailored to different lower weight threshold measurements. Our system will use an app to maintain a digital grocery list. If an ingredient is running low, our system will add the ingredient to a digital grocery list. We also will have the option of adding the ingredient to the user's choice of online shopping cart. Users can remove ingredients' names from the list after purchase. If a user is outside and is close to a grocery store (500 m), mobile app notification will be sent to the user's phone to notify them about necessary ingredient/s. Solution Components ## Subsystem 1: LED LED lights are placed at each ingredient and will light up when a certain percentage of total ingredients are low to indicate a more urgent grocery run. Components: LEDs (from previous semester lab kits) or LED strip (12V-NB-CW-01M), LED Driver ## Subsystem 2: Weight Sensor Our system will have 3 weight sensors to track 3 different ingredients. This can be extended for a system with more ingredients. Each weight sensor will have a button to indicate if that weight sensor is active. The weight sensor will be used to make sure the dry ingredient has not gone below the minimum weight limit. Components: weight sensor Alpha (Taiwan) MF01A-N-221-A05, button (from previous lab kits) ## Subsystem 3: Microcontroller Our system will be powered by plugging the microcontroller to the wall. It will keep constant track of weight fluctuations for ingredients and send the data to the app. It will be responsible for controlling individual ingredient’s LEDs. Components: Microcontroller ## Subsystem 4: App We will build an Apple based mobile app to provide connectivity between the user and the system. User specifies which weight sensor station corresponds to what ingredient and its lower weight threshold (grams). The app will maintain a digital grocery list. If an ingredient is running low, our system will add the ingredient to a digital grocery list. We also will have the option of adding the ingredient to the user's choice of online shopping cart. Users can remove ingredients' names from the list after purchase. If a user is outside and is close to a grocery store (500 m), mobile app notification will be sent to the user's phone to notify them about necessary ingredient/s. # Criterion For Success 1. System should be able to measure changes in ingredient weights - Add/Remove ingredient from grocery list/ online store shopping cart 2. Indicate when an ingredient needs replenishing through app - mobile app should add ingredient name to digital shopping list - Or add ingredient to an online store shopping cart 3. When many ingredients (2 out of 3) are low, LED lights should turn on around these ingredients 4. If the user’s phone is 500 m or less from a grocery store, mobile app should send reminder to visit the store if there are ingredients in the digital grocery list (if the user chose not to go the online shopping route)
44	Portable Water Tracking Attachment	Cindy Su Subha Somaskandan Subhi Sharma	Luoyan Li	Arne Fliflet	design_document1.pdf final_paper1.pdf other1.pdf proposal1.pdf
	# Portable Water Tracking Attachment Team Members: - Student 1 (sbs8) - Student 2 (subhis2) - Student 3 (cindysu2) # Problem Many people struggle to drink enough water every day, and tracking this can be a challenge of its own. Apps that track your water intake can be silenced, and nobody is actually checking if you drank your water. Furthermore, water bottles that have pre marked labels require you to buy a whole new water bottle, where the style may not be the prettiest, and durability is a question since the majority of them are plastic. # Solution Describe your design at a high-level, how it solves the problem, and introduce the subsystems of your project. Our solution is a portable water bottle attachment that your water bottle latches onto the bottom, and moves with. This device will track how often you pick up your water bottle to drink, and how much you drink each time by checking the weight of your water bottle. There is also an accompanying app that can be personalized based on the user’s age, sex, and activity level so that it accurately tracks how much water you are consuming, and sends reminders. The device itself is also adaptable to multiple water bottle sizes, and there will be an “inventory” of water bottles within the app so that you can calibrate the device accordingly. The app will aid in giving you reminders if you have not picked up your bottle in a while as well as have GPS tracking capabilities. ## Water Measurement + GPS Tracking Subsystem This subsystem measures the amount of water in the water bottle, and sends this data to our wifi server, and is stored in a database. 1. Weight Sensor (A Load Cell with medium to high sensitivity) This sensor will calculate the weight of the water bottle so that the device can calculate changes in weight as you drink more water. The weight sensor can also help determine the weight of a variety of water bottles, so that it can make calculations accordingly. The water bottle will have to be weighed without any water at first use, and the app will remind the user of this. 2. IMU unit with 6 or 9DoF The IMU geographically measures the position of the water bottle based on its tilt. When someone is drinking out of it, the bottle will be tilted a certain amount, indicating that the weight will change once it is placed down again. The IMU can measure when people are drinking out of the bottle to track habits, and this can trigger the weight sensor to measure the weight of the bottle once someone is done drinking. 3. GPS tracking chip (something like GT-U7 main module GPS) The device will be connected to the bottle, and therefore there will be a GPS tracking chip that will allow you to track the whole system. When connected, you can find your bottle and device, and when disconnected just the device can be found. ## Wifi and App Subsystem This subsystem is for connecting Wi-Fi networks and sending data to a server when the device sensed drinking or at a given time interval. The app will request the data, and track the amount of water drunk, as well as the GPS location. The app will also have its own features, like displaying the amount of water to go, water drank in total, and showing the location of the water bottle. 1. Wifi module: ESP32SP The microcontroller is going to transmit the data received by the sensor over a wireless network to a server. Then on the server, the incoming data is processed and stored in a database. Each data entry will include the amount of water drink or left and a timestamp. An API is set up on the server and allows users to fetch data through request on a smartphone. # Criterion For Success Our app will include hourly goals for water drinking- based on the user input of the volume of the water bottle, age, activity level, sex, as well as average hours of sleep. Our app will send out a reminder at the top of every hour stating how much water the user needs to drink for that hour. Our water attachment will measure the weight when the bottle is placed down, and send this data to the app to configure reminders to the user, either saying their goal is complete for that hour, or that they have “x” oz of water to go. Our app will also be able to track the water bottle’s location and display it on the app. This mechanism should work for different volumes of water bottles, as the user can keep an inventory in the app of their bottles. Additional features after we accomplished the above criterion and had enough time would be adding a small led screen attaching to the devices that could display the amount of water the user drinks. We could implement a rewards system in the app, giving user badges for meeting their goals weekly, monthly, etc.
45	Continuous Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF) Monitoring Device [PITCHED PROJECT]	Aryan Parikh Rishab Rao Veldur Satyansh Yeluri	Surya Vasanth	Viktor Gruev	design_document1.pdf design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf other1.pdf proposal1.pdf
	# Continuous Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF) Monitoring Device Team Members: - Aryan Parikh (aparik31) - Rishab Rao (rveldur2) - Satyansh Yeluri (syeluri2) # Problem Arteriovenous Fistulas/Grafts (AVFs/AVGs) are crucial to patients with end-stage kidney disease. They allow for hemodialysis, which has significant mortality and quality of life benefits in younger patients. Between 2000 and 2020, the prevalent count of individuals receiving HD nearly doubled to $480,516. In older patients, it’s often considered a lifeline. However, AVFs are known to “go down”. They are susceptible to stenosis, and thrombosis, and enlargement over time, leading to high-output cardiac failure. Currently there is no format for continuous monitoring of these grafts, and when they thrombose in the acute setting, often go undetected for days, if not weeks. The cost range to create an AV fistula is also between $3,401-$5,189. Several studies have pointed out that early graft intervention can improve the salvage of these fistulas, prolonging their use and minimizing the number of additional surgeries required. Finally, studies have found that if grafts are not intervened within 7 days, there are significant long term mortality risks and poor patient outcomes. https://usrds-adr.niddk.nih.gov/2022/end-stage-renal-disease/1-incidence-prevalence-patient-characteristics-and-treatment-modalities The basic tenet for vascular access monitoring and surveillance is that stenosis develop over variable intervals in the great majority of vascular accesses and, if detected and corrected, under dialysis can be minimized or avoided (dialysis dose protection) and the rate of thrombosis can be reduced. https://www.ajkd.org/article/S0272-6386(06)00646-9/fulltext#relatedArticles Problem Statement: Graft stenosis and thrombosis are the leading causes of loss of vascular access patency, with delay in treatment leading to loss of vascular access and increased mortality rates and decreased quality of life in patients with end-stage renal disease. # Solution AVFs are often embedded in the arm, where the radial artery and adjacent veins are involved in their creation. What clinicians use to determine fistula viability is palpation, where the palpable trill (or vibration) of the graft can be felt. In the context of vascular access for hemodialysis, a trill is often associated with the feeling of blood flow or the movement of blood through the graft. A strong, palpable trill suggests good blood flow through the access site, indicating that the fistula is functioning well. The idea is to develop a device that can be attached as a patch adjacent to the fistula to sample this venous trill using auditory input and machine learning to gauge deviations from an initial baseline. The device would be placed initially and cross-referenced with the current gold standard of duplex ultrasound to establish a baseline. As the device lives with the patient, it will learn progressive changes in venous hum pattern (stenosis) that can provide information to clinicians on optimal follow-up. Otherwise, if it detects the absence of a hum (thrombosis) it will immediately alert the patient and provider for attention. Pitch should correspond with an increase in percentage of stenosis and be interpreted as more frequent oscillations in a pressure waveform over time. # Solution Components ## Microphone This subsystem would take in sound input from a small microphone to capture a signal underneath the skin and feed into a microprocessor input. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7438386 TDK InvenSense T4076 & T4078 MEMS Microphones ## Microprocessor Unit We will use an Attiny85 and supporting components on our PCB. We will have to add a micro usb programmer for the Attiny85 and then add bluetooth capabilities on top of that. The microcontroller will receive input from the Microphone Module which captures acoustic signals related to venous hum patterns. These signals are essentially sound waves produced by blood flow in veins. We will use an algorithm on the acquired data to help analyze the different frequency components present in the venous hum patterns. Then the microcontroller can analyze the frequency spectrum of the venous hum patterns. The microcontroller can then help us compare the identified patterns with predefined patterns associated with normal and abnormal venous conditions. Based on the comparison, the system can detect differences in the venous hum patterns. Depending on the detected differences, the microcontroller will generate an alert if needed. ## Power Subsystem It will be a 5 V lithium ion battery. We will have to step down the voltage to 3.3 V. We have no need for battery recharging. We will also have supporting components for the battery. # Criterion For Success - Transmit audio to app - Accuracy: Device is able to distinguish changes in fistula stenosis - Achieve real time data transmission
46	Inventory Tracker	Alex Buchheit Sara Alabbadi Sooha Ryu	Jason Zhang	Arne Fliflet	design_document2.pdf design_document1.pdf final_paper1.pdf presentation1.pptx presentation2.pptx presentation3.pptx proposal1.pdf proposal2.pdf video
	## Team Members Sooha Ryu (soohar2) Sara Alabbadi (saraa6) Alex Buchheit (alexwb2) ## Problem I work as a lab assistant and one of my responsibilities is to restock various supplies in the lab. I have to manually enter supplies into an excel spreadsheet when they are used so the lab supervisor knows when to purchase more. This takes a lot of time and because we do it manually we have many discrepancies in inventory. It would be easier to not have to manually take inventory and have a system that could do that. ## Solution Our proposed solution is an inventory tracking system. This system would use either RFID or computer vision to check out and return supplies. The user that is checking them out would be assigned a PIN number or scan their iCard to check out supplies. This information would be connected to a website and display that shows each supply being used and what user is using it. Along with that, supplies stored in drawers or cabinets could be accessed by the user through the PIN or iCard scan. The system would also determine if the drawer had been opened by an unauthorized person and send an alert to the web database. ## Solution Components ## Smart Drawer The supply drawer could be held shut by a magnet and a current carrying wire to create a magnetic field to hold it shut. Once it is determined through RFID that the correct user wants access to the drawer, power will no longer be sent through the wire, allowing the user to safely open the drawer. A sensor will be attached to the drawer to determine if it is opened. If it is opened and current is still flowing through the wire, this will alert the system that it has been opened by force by an unauthorized person. Possible Proximity Sensor: HC-SR04 Datasheet: https://cdn.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Sensors/Proximity/HCSR04.pdf ## User Access Control iCard will be read by an RFID system to “unlock” the drawer they have access to. The user information will be stored in the database to keep track of inventory. Possible Microcontrollers: ATMEGA328P-AUR, STM32F401RBT6, STM32F103C8T6TR, ATMEGA32U4-AUR, ESP32 Datasheets: https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/ATmega48A-PA-88A-PA-168A-PA-328-P-DS-DS40002061B.pdf https://www.st.com/content/ccc/resource/technical/document/datasheet/9e/50/b1/5a/5f/ae/4d/c1/DM00086815.pdf/files/DM00086815.pdf/jcr:content/translations/en.DM00086815.pdf https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/stm32f103cb.pdf http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/Atmel-7766-8-bit-AVR-ATmega16U4-32U4_Summary.pdf https://cdn.sparkfun.com/datasheets/IoT/esp32_datasheet_en.pdf ## Inventory Tracking A system to keep track of all items in the drawers using either RFID. All the items in the drawers will have a tag/chip attached to them, so once someone checks it out or returns it, the system will be able to know the items and keep track of the inventory. The data will be updated as inventory changes with information of the user from the user access control. Possible RFID Reader: RFID READER R/W 13.56 MHZ MOD, RFID Reader ID-12LA Datasheet: https://mm.digikey.com/Volume0/opasdata/d220001/medias/docus/5656/DLP-RFID2%28D%29-V2.pdf https://cdn.sparkfun.com/assets/9/3/0/5/2/DS-11827-RFID_Reader_ID-12LA__125_kHz_.pdf?_gl=11eqzthn_gaNDYyODY1MjM3LjE3MDY3NDE1NjA._ga_T369JS7J9N*MTcwNjc0MTU2MC4xLjEuMTcwNjc0MTcwOC4zNy4wLjA. Possible RFID Chip: RF37S114HTFJB, UHF RFID Tags - Adhesive Datasheet: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/rf37s114.pdf?HQS=dis-dk-null-digikeymode-dsf-pf-null-wwe&ts=1706682267886&ref_url=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.ti.com%252Fgeneral%252Fdocs%252Fsuppproductinfo.tsp%253FdistId%253D10%2526gotoUrl%253Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.ti.com%252Flit%252Fgpn%252Frf37s114 https://www.sparkfun.com/rfid ## Web Database The database will be updated every time a user checks out or returns an item. It will also keep the records of when and who checked out what and what’s been returned. The database will also have how many items are in stock and display it with the checkout/return records. An alert message will be displayed if anyone forcefully opens the drawer. Possible Bluetooth Module: ESP32-S3-WROOM-1-N16 Datasheet: https://www.espressif.com/sites/default/files/documentation/esp32-s3-wroom-1_wroom-1u_datasheet_en.pdf ## Stretch Goal If time allows, for keeping track of inventory, we could incorporate computer vision technology instead of an RFID. For using computer vision, we plan to have weight sensors on the drawers to check if there’s been any change of inventory. If there is, the camera would be activated and the user will show the item to the camera and once it recognizes what it is, it will record it to the database and the user will be able to close the drawer. For returning, once the user scans their iCard, they will be able to open the drawers and return the items. Knowing the items that’s been checked out by the user and the change in weight in the drawer, the system will figure out the returned item and record it to the database. # Criteria For Success Drawers can be locked and unlocked depending on the user access System is able to recognize items checked out and returned The system will display the current amount of items in stock The system should display items checked out and the users that have checked them out It should allow supervisors to change the number in stock if they restock supplies Web database is updated regularly with correct user information Correctly alerts database if drawer opened by force
47	Automatic cake decorator Honorable Mention	James Zhu Muye Yuan Rui Gong	Jason Zhang	Viktor Gruev	design_document1.pdf design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf presentation1.pdf proposal2.pdf proposal1.pdf video
	# Team Members: Muye Yuan(muyey2) Rui Gong(ruigong5) James Zhu (tianyi9) # Problem The current challenge lies in manual application of cream on cakes, prompting the need for an automated solution. Traditional methods often result in variations in cream thickness, coverage, and overall quality due to the nature of manual application. This not only demands skilled workers but also leads to increased production costs and the potential for human errors. Moreover, labor costs can be a significant factor in the overall production costs. # Solution We decided to make an automatic cake decorator, which puts creams with shapes and curves around the edge of the top surface of the cake. By automating this process, we aim to eliminate the inconsistencies associated with manual application, enhance the overall quality of decorated cakes, and reduce production costs. Ultimately, this device can offer a more efficient and cost-effective solution for the baking industry. The decorator can move along the edge of the cake detected by the camera. According to the input, the movement will be divided by x and y components which can lead the stepper motor to the appropriate position. This system differs from existing food printer solutions, which only print pixelated images on the food. It leaves a vectorised, continuous trail of cream. So it requires a more dedicated CV algorithm to recognize the shape of cakes. # Solution Components ##Subsystem1 Computer vision and detector: 1x 1080p usb camera, laptop A frame holds the camera hanging it on the top of our decorator machine, looking down to the cake in it. It’s connected to a laptop running our recognition program. The program would recognize the edge of the camera with a CV algorithm. It could identify the cake successfully even with other distractions (like the machine itself) in the view, and fit the edge into a set of waypoints for the cream extruder to follow. The program presents a preview of it for the user to confirm. The laptop is connected to MCU PCB with USB. Once a key is pressed, it would send out a waypoint to the MCU and signal for it to start moving the mechanical parts. ##Subsystem2 MCU and PCB 1x ATmega328P MCU, 1x self designed PCB with the MCU and the motor driving circuit Input: Usb connected from the laptop Output: Control signal to the step motors driving the extruder and the cream syringe. Once a set of waypoints is received, the trajectory following the waypoint would be converted into its projections on the x and y axis, and the function of x and y position over time would be calculated. (these calculations might be done on the laptop as well). Then the program on the MCU would start and drive the two sliding rail motors, as well as the motor pushing the syringe. ##Subsystem3 Mechanical structure 3x 42-40 Stepper Motor, Cake Decorating Tools Cupcake Injector, rectangular frame, and 2x Linear Rail Guide, height adjustable base (placing the cake) The structure of the machine resembles that of a cartesian robot, or a 3D printer, which is two perpendicular sliding rails (powered by motors) connected to each other, able to move its tips to arbitrary x-y positions. A large syringe with cream inside is mounted at the tip, extruding the cream uniformly when pushed by a motor. # Q&A ##1.Decide whether to implement a 2D or 3D movement system. We want to implement the 3D movement system, but we don’t know how complex it is. Thus, if the 3D system is too complicated for us to implement, we will change to implement a 2D movement system. ##2.Clarify the mechanisms you plan to use for x, y, and z movements. Will they be similar to those in a 3D printer, and how will you ensure movements, when working with a medium like cream? Yes. It is similar to 3D printers with two perpendicular sliding rails. And we are planning on putting a rubber hose on the syringe and the end factor of the mechanism grabbing the other end of the hose, keeping the relatively heavy syringe static. ##3.Determine the dimensions of the machine(syringe size, etc). Are you considering a vertical actuator to push the cream out of the syringe? Detail out all the electrical components required for this idea. We want to start from a small size, so the amount of cream will not be large. For example, we start from using the Cake Decorating Tools Cupcake Injector and a step motor pushing it to get the cream out. ##4. The incorporation of a camera for position detection adds complexity. How do you plan to convert the camera inputs into xyz position? The coding required to convert camera output into g-code(x,y,z) is critical. The z position is fixed for a cake. We first require the user to place height of the cake manually so that its top surface is near the extruder. Later we might add an ultrasound system and an automatically adjustable base for the cake. For x,y coordinates, we might first try to mount the camera high enough, so that we can assume it’s a planar projection from the pixel coordinates to the physical. We would first fix the relative position of the machine and the camera and do calibration (mapping from pixel coordinate to physical) manually. But later we could try adding some marks on the edges on the machine, the camera can automatically figure out the linear translation without the need to calibrate every time. If the error of assuming planar projection turns out to be too large, we could still figure out the intrinsic of the camera and do unprojection with formulas. # Criterion For Success -CV system recognize the edge of the target successfully -Moving system can successfully follow the input instruction -Put cream with a curve around the edge of the top surface of the cake.
48	Automated Multi-Mode Garment Folding System with Arduino Control	Bryson Maedge Nolan Opalski Tyler Hirsch	Angquan Yu	Viktor Gruev	design_document1.pdf final_paper1.pdf proposal1.pdf
	Automated Multi-Mode Garment Folding System with Arduino Control Nolan Opalski nolanfo2 Tyler Hirsh thirsh3 Bryson Maedge bmaedge2 Problem No one likes to fold laundry. It's dull, boring, and tedious. The only positive is that it gives you an excuse to listen to your favorite podcast that you may have had a backlog on. On top of that, folding laundry can prove to be a difficult task for the elderly and disabled. In commercial settings, employees of large retail clothing stores have reported getting carpal tunnel syndrome from the repetitive and manual task of folding clothes. Solution To solve this crisis, we want to create an automated multi-mode clothes folding system. This will allow the user to decrease the time and effort involved in folding laundry. The system will have four modes of folding; one for short sleeved shirts, one for long sleeve shirts, one for shorts, and one for pants. The system will also dispense folded clothes onto a pile, thus only requiring the user to load the machine and collect the pile once it reaches the maximum height. All of this will be performed at the touch of a button allowing minimal manual, tedious labor. Subsystem Components Mode Selection This subsystem will comprise four modes that the user will select in order to fold either a short sleeve t-shirt, a long sleeve t-shirt, shorts, or pants. This subsystem will take the user’s input and send a signal to the arduino control. The mode selection will be four buttons feeding a three digit binary signal representing the four different modes created by logic gates. The first digit will represent the actuation of the machine to start its function with one being “on” and zero being “off”. The two lowest bits will represent each of the four modes. Arduino Control This subsystem will contain the software to operate the machine. The inputs are described within the “Mode Selection” subsystem. Based on what input is received, the software will send signals to switches/transformer/power supply (still need to decide what would be best/most cost-efficient) to power the servos. It will also send a signal to the servos indicating which direction the servo should turn. The software will be programmed to have each servo rotate 135 degrees before returning to its original state. Here are some rudimentary outlines of classes and functions our arduino control system will probably include: Classes: Panel Name/number - which panel this object refers to Servos - list of servos/outputs that corresponding panel servos connect to Direction - list of same size of list called “Servos” with value 1 or -1 to indicate which direction that servo should rotate Functions: Rotate Inputs Servos - list of servos/outputs to send signals to Direction - which direction the servos are oriented Description Rotate each servo 135 degrees * direction and then rotate again by 135 degrees * -direction Mechanical Folder The mechanical folder will consist of a power supply and servos. Each folding panel will have 1-2 servos at the folding point. The power to these servos will all be controlled by the arduino system. Additionally each panel will be 3-d printed in a checkered or grilled like fashion. This will reduce the weight, thus reducing the torque needed to fold each panel. Criterion for Success Success for this project will be the completion of folding four different types of clothes and the creation of a small pile of roughly three to five clothing items. Specifically, the mode selector will send the proper signal for the user selected mode to the Arduino. The Arduino will take the input signal and then output the proper signals in the correct order based on the input signal. Finally, the mechanical motors and arms properly fold the clothes and create a neat pile next to the device.
49	Smart autochasing lamp	Feiyang Liu Jincheng Yu Yiyan Zhang	Luoyan Li	Viktor Gruev	design_document1.pdf design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf other1.pptx proposal2.pdf proposal1.pdf video
	# Team Members Feiyang Liu (feiyang5) Yiyan Zhang (yiyanz3) Jincheng Yu (jy54) # Problem When performing precise tasks on a desk, such as soldering or assembling LEGO, the position of the lamp can often be a source of frustration. Shadows cast by the hands can obscure the parts you're searching for, and tiny components in your hands may not be sufficiently illuminated, leading to discomfort and inefficiency. Furthermore, my ceiling light broke last week, and I've had to rely solely on a desk lamp for illumination. In such a dark environment, the brightness of the desk lamp is overwhelming and strains my eyes. There's a need for a desk lamp that can adjust its brightness and color temperature according to external light conditions. Additionally, the traditional ways of controlling desk lamps are inconvenient, often interrupting our workflow to make adjustments. # Solution We propose a smart desk lamp equipped with a camera and several servo motors forming a mechanical arm. This lamp can capture images and communicate with a computer for image processing. It can identify human hands and move the lamp closer and at an angle to the hands as they move, minimizing large shadows on the desk. Through a photoresistor, it can respond to changes in external light sources. The camera can also detect specific hand gestures, such as opening the thumb and forefinger to increase brightness or pinching them to decrease brightness. These gestures can also control the computer or play music, which I believe is simpler than voice input. # Subsystem ## Mechanical Arm Subsystem: Three servo motors and linear potentiometers ensure the basic movement of the mechanical arm, with additional circuits for these components. To avoid interference between light sources, a small aperture for the light-sensitive element will be located on the mechanical arm. This data is communicated to the central control subsystem. ## Lighting and Camera Subsystem: The lighting bulb, adjustable in terms of color temperature and brightness, receives instructions from the central control system. A camera is positioned near the bulb for better target tracking. Captured information is sent to the central controller. ## Central Control Subsystem: This system integrates the ESP32 module and necessary I/O modules. It needs to process images captured by the camera, determine how much each motor in the mechanical arm should move to track the bulb and be sensitive to specific gestures to adjust various parameters of the bulb. It can also communicate remotely with a computer to control specific programs. # Standard of Success When tracking mode is activated, the bulb moves to an appropriate position following the hand's movement. As the ambient light changes, the bulb adjusts to the appropriate brightness and color temperature. The lamp's switch and brightness can be adjusted through gestures. Specific programs (like Spotify) can be opened on the computer through hand gestures.
50	Urban Noise Pollution Monitoring System	Cj Kompare Cornell Horne Marc Rhymes	Surya Vasanth	Arne Fliflet	design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.png photo2.png presentation1.pdf proposal2.pdf video
	# Urban Noise pollution Monitoring system Team Members: - CJ Kompare (kompare3) - Cornell Horne (chorne7) - Marc Rhymes (mrhymes2) # Problem: Cities face escalating issues related to noise pollution, affecting the well-being of residents and the environment. Traditional methods of noise monitoring lack granularity and real-time adaptability, hindering effective intervention strategies. # Solution: Develop a comprehensive Urban Noise Pollution Monitoring System that employs wireless, battery-powered microphones strategically placed outdoors. This system will utilize a concentrator or gateway to collect and process data from distributed microphones, providing accurate and real-time noise pollution insights for urban planning and environmental conservation. # Solution Components: - Wireless, Battery-Powered Microphones - Concentrator/Gateway Device - Centralized Data Processing Platform - Geographic Information System (GIS) - User Interface (Web Application) # Subsystem 1: Wireless, Battery-Powered Microphones: Deploy multiple wireless, battery-powered microphones an area to capture diverse noise sources. Ensure these microphones are durable, weather-resistant, and equipped with noise level sensing capabilities. # Subsystem 2: Concentrator/Gateway Device: Implement a concentrator or gateway device to receive, aggregate, and forward data from all distributed microphones. This device will serve as the central hub for data collection and transmission. # Subsystem 3: Centralized Data Processing Platform: Develop a centralized platform for processing and analyzing noise data received from the concentrator. This platform will perform real-time noise level calculations, identify patterns, and store historical data for future analysis. # Subsystem 4: Geographic Information System (GIS): Integrate a GIS component to map noise levels spatially, allowing for visual representations of noise distribution across the city. This would enhance and support targeted noise reduction initiatives. # Subsystem 5: User Interface (Web Application): Develop a web application for users to visualize noise data. The interface should provide real-time updates, historical trends, and customizable features for specific areas of interest. # Criteria for Success: Hourly Data Reporting: The system should successfully report noise data to the central web application every hour, providing a consistent and reliable stream of information for analysis and decision-making. Real-time Monitoring: Achieve real-time noise level monitoring with a latency of no more than 5 minutes, ensuring users have timely access to critical noise pollution information. Accuracy of Noise Identification: Ensure an accuracy rate of at least 90% in identifying noise sources, allowing for precise insights into the types and sources of noise affecting urban areas.
51	Triangle Sign Deployer Car	Harry Shi Yuanfeng Niu	Douglas Yu	Jonathon Schuh	design_document1.pdf final_paper1.pdf final_paper3.pdf proposal2.pdf proposal1.pdf
	Triangle Sign Deployer Car Team members: Yuanfeng Niu(yn6) Yue Shi(yueshi6) Chaoyang Yin(cyin9) Problem: When a traffic emergency occurs, it is of utmost importance to take all measures to warn the oncoming traffic of its existence. One such measure involves placing a warning sign 50~200m away from the emergency site, per the traffic laws in many countries. But walking against the incoming traffic is an extremely risky act, especially at times of high volume. Solution: It is thus safer to carry out this sign-placing task with a remotely controlled carrier, possibly a repurposed toy car. It is cheaper to manufacture and less power-hungry than drones, can traverse terrain faster than humans, and is easy to store in automobiles. We intend to develop a small electric car that holds the aforementioned warning sign and can travel enough distance(30-100m depending on local regulations) and place the sign at the designated place. Solution Components: Subsystem#1: Control Unit This subsystem serves as the vehicle's central command, utilizing a processor to run algorithms, interpret user and sensor inputs, and control motor actions. It incorporates a state machine to ensure that the vehicle responds appropriately to commands and environmental conditions, avoiding unnecessary movements. This setup ensures precise and reliable operation, managing all aspects of vehicle movement and functionality efficiently. Subsystem#2: Car frame, battery & instruments Our system should have the features of a small, four-wheeled electric vehicle. Using the PWM method from ECE110 to control the wheels should suffice. A battery will be attached somewhere inside the car frame, serving as the power supply to the entire circuitry. Voltage regulators will be added to deliver power to respective components. To fulfill the task of wireless communication and auto navigation, corresponding Bluetooth modules and sensors/cameras should be mounted on board. The vehicle also needs a bright indicator light on its body to warn vehicles coming from behind about an emergency ahead. Subsystem#3: Bluetooth Communication Typical remote controls at ~30-100m distances require wifi or Bluetooth band signals. Alternative protocols can be considered, but in this instance, this is the most extensively developed type of wireless comm. Controlling the unmanned vehicle over long distances requires solving image transmission problems. In addition to receiving controls, it should send status info and camera feed fluently at target distances. Subsystem#4: Auto Navigation When operating on highways with clear lane markings, the vehicle utilizes input from onboard cameras and distance sensors to identify and follow a secure trajectory within the present lane, aiming to arrive at the designated sign installation location. If there should be a disruption in Bluetooth communication, the vehicle will depend on this subsystem as an alternative strategy to revert to a secure state. The vehicle requires a remote-controlled angle closed-loop control system, enabling it to automatically adjust its course and maintain its trajectory in the predetermined direction. Subsystem#5: Mechanicals Driving with the sign facing front will experience significant wind resistance, such that it might stop the car from moving, perhaps even pushing it back. To minimize the impact of wind on our system, we decided to initially mount the sign facing up and use a lever to rotate it to face front once it reached its destination. Simultaneously, structural support would be set up to prevent uncertain weather conditions(rain/wind) from displacing it. We have yet to decide whether it is more practical to apply brakes to wheels or have additional retractable props. We will go with the solution that has better performance in actual trials, or that is preferred by the machine shop. Software Subsystem#6: Phone App Controller In circumstances where automated navigation may not successfully complete its task, such as poorly marked lanes and snow-covered pavements, or where manual remote control provides a greater sense of assurance, this subsystem becomes critical. It represents the most practical and universally applicable user interface option, as an independent controller for the unmanned vehicle implies extra cost and storage. The app should contain all the necessary control buttons (move forward/backward, turn left/right, raise/retract sign). Additionally, integrating a live camera feed from the unmanned vehicle will further enhance the user experience by allowing for real-time monitoring and precise maneuvering of the unmanned vehicle, ensuring both safety and accuracy in its operations. Development of this system should be a minor focus of this project, as it is mostly coding work and has little to do with circuit design. Criterion for Success: The car can travel up to 100 meters from the user. The phone controller can deliver instructions within the operational range and maintain a consistent camera feed. After receiving the instruction from the user or the Auto-Navigation System, The car must automatically raise the sign and deploy props. The Auto-Navigation System can operate correctly when traffic conditions are not complex and road markings are clear. It should also be able to handle the situation of connection loss.
52	Waterski Tracker	Jack Bay Ryder Heit Sam Knight	Jialiang Zhang	Arne Fliflet	design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf presentation1.pdf proposal1.pdf
	#Waterski Tracker Team Members: -Jack Bay (jackrb2) -Ryder Heit (ryderch2) -Sam Knight (sknight5) #Problem Our idea for the project revolves around the sport of competitive waterskiing. In 3 event competitive waterskiing, one of the events is slalom skiing which involves going around 6 buoys, and passing through entrance and exit gates. Many skiers are very precise and particular people who love their sport, getting specialized gear and practicing their 16 second runs for hours on end. Ask any skier about their pass and they will spit technical lingo at you at rapid fire, things like "Well I didn't have my hips up around ball four, and I didn't have enough angle going into 6 to make the pass". One of the caveats with getting to the ‘next level’ in competitive waterskiing is finding adequate feedback that allows a skier to quantify their runs in such a way that form can be adjusted, and results can be seen in said feedback. Outside of direct film of the water skier running the course, there is no method of recording and analyzing a skier’s runs. #Solution My project aims to put data to these claims, providing a way for skiers to quantify their passes and combine data and video into a cohesive tracker that allows them to study their attempts in a new way, and isolate problems with their skiing better than the guesswork that accompanies watching film. #Components So what data are we looking for? We want all the movement data, as well as a line on the map. So, this means we need a gyro, accelerometer, and GPS chip to collect all this data, and use Kalman filtering as well as the maps api to smooth it out, and then put the path taken over a map of the course. We will also need a way to map the course data itself. As slalom courses are taken in and out each year, satellite images will not be enough to ensure accurate course bouy locations. We can expand this to sync with phone video of the run, providing all the data at once while the visual plays to better identify errors. ##Collection For our device, there are 3 main sensors that we will be using to get the most accurate assessment of your skiing. ###Gyroscope A gyroscope will be added to monitor the tilt of the skis. This will allow the skier to learn if they were properly “on edge” at the right time. It is important when skiing to ensure that your ski is properly rolled to cut through the wake. It is currently a very qualitative process, so being able to quantify it with a gyroscope is invaluable. The gyro is also used in conjunction with the GPS to figure out the skier’s “angle” coming out of each buoy. This allows the skier to better hone their runs to perfection. ###Accelerometer An accelerometer will be used to gather the skier's speed data. This is important so that the skiier can know where they are losing and gaining speed throughout the run. It is critical to ensure speed is maintained through the turn. This is also to be used in conjunction with the Gyroscope data to get more accurate readings during the run. ###GPS Finally, a GPS will be in the system to provide location data. The location information is important for our analysis. This will allow us to take the data and put it on a map, which gives the angle coming out of the buoys as well as invaluable visualization of the line taken. That means that a skier can see how they did at all positions during the run. The GPS is also used to piece together our various data sources. Using Kalman Filtering we can remove noise from our three sensors. ##Storage ###Data Storage Since this project requires very heavy data analysis of many sensors and graphical display, we think that doing direct analysis on a microcontroller is unwise. We will be using the board to take data from the various sensors and store it on a local SD card. This allows us to analyze the data asynchronously. We will also store multiple runs so that you do not need to replace the sd card after every slalom run, simply press a button and a new run will be made. ##Analysis ###Kalman Filtering Kalman filtering is a technique wherein multiple sensors are intelligently averaged to smooth out the data collected by each. Using the GPS, gyro, and accelerometer together, we can paint the clearest picture of what happened and smooth out any anomalies or outliers in the data. ###Data Syncing By using timestamping in all of our data collecting, we can put together a visual presentation of the run in some kind of interface that allows the skier to watch back the run with the video, GPS (map data), and gyro data all playing back at the same time to get the best picture of exactly what they’re doing during the pass. ##Power The main power component will be a central battery that supplies each component. The battery itself will be rechargeable and will be linked to a system that indicates the status of the battery’s charge via LEDs. ##Mechanical Hardware The mechanical subsystem has two main components, waterproofing and attachment. ### Attachment The first mechanical challenge we will run into is attaching our PCB and system to the waterski. This is important so that the data can be gathered from the actual ski. We need to devise an enclosure that can attach to the already in place binding holes so that the ski does not need to be physically modified in any sense. ### Waterproofing The next challenge of our mechanical enclosure is waterproofing. Since this device will be used during intense waterskiing, it is imperative that it is completely watertight. If any water were to enter the enclosure, we would have complete electronic failure and potentially worse. There will be external buttons and LEDs, but these also will have to be watertight so as not to leak water into our pcb. #Criterion For Success (High Level Goals) ## Efficacy for Water Skiing It is important to us that our product is usable by a water skier. This means that it must both attach to a water ski and be waterproof. It must also have usable controls and information that can be seen by a water skier. This will be buttons and LEDs that will show status and provide control. The enclosure being waterproof is critical because it must be able to both withstand the spray created when skiing and possible submersion after a fall.
53	AUTOMATIC POOL MONITOR AND REGULATOR	Arnold Ancheril Raymond Chen Swarna Jammalamadaka	Selva Subramaniam	Jonathon Schuh	design_document3.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.png photo2.png presentation1.pdf proposal3.pdf video
	# Automatic Pool Monitor and Regulator Team Members: - Raymond Chen (rc18) - Arnold Ancheril (arnolda2) - Swarna Jammalamadaka (sjamma2) # Problem Describe the problem you want to solve and motivate the need. In many public or residential pools, monitoring pool water quality involves physically taking chemical tests to test for factors such as temperature, pH, and chlorine levels. Many times these tests are taken by lifeguards in public pools and can be time-consuming and require shutting down the pool if these levels are too high or too low. Although there are products in the market that measure these factors, these products cost hundreds of dollars, and even rarer are products that automatically dispense necessary chemicals based on these monitors. This product will reduce costs over time and be easier to maintain for consumers. # Solution Describe your design at a high level, how it solves the problem, and introduce the subsystems of your project. We want to create a product that monitors pool qualities using various sensors, a motor dispenser that releases chemicals into the pool to maintain water balance and other sensors that alert about temperature and the dispenser capacity. This way, the only thing that pool owners need to worry about is refilling the dispenser once in a while and not physically measuring and balancing the pool. # Solution Components ## Water Quality/Component Sensing The first subsystem will involve using a pH sensor, a temperature sensor, and a chlorine sensor to gather data about the water quality. The sensor data will be sent to the microcontroller, which does the closed-loop control system. pH Sensor: Possible with LMP91200, but pending TA feedback Temperature sensor: Water temperature sensor, with the sensor separate from electronics Chlorine Sensor: Atlas Scientific EcoSense EC300 and RealTech Controls EMCS-CL2 are compatible with ESP32. Gravity CL2 Sensor compatible with arduino/raspberry pi ## Microcontroller The second subsystem will determine what part of the pool needs to be changed and what part is in the acceptable values. If the temperature data is too high or too low, then the microcontroller will send out an alert to the user about the temperature differential. If the pH or Chlorine level is outside acceptable zones, it will calculate the volume of chemicals needed to be added to a specified pool size to revert these factors into an acceptable range, and then power a servo to dispense these chemicals. Finally, if the dispenser is low or out of chemicals, it will send an alert to the user to refill it. Microcontroller: ESP32 (supports Bluetooth and WiFi for wireless alerts) ## Dispenser: The dispenser will be stationed next to the water and will have three compartments for 3 different chemicals: an acidic compound such as sodium bisulfate, an alkaline basic compound such as sodium bicarbonate, and chlorine powder. These compartments will sit above a servo each, which will turn and let a set amount of compounds through with each rotation. The total amount will be the number of rotations x weight in each rotation. The dispenser will also have sensors for each compartment that will alert the microcontroller when the compartments are empty. Servos: 3 servos for each compartment to accurately dispense compounds Sensors: Optical sensor for each compartment ## Power The project will be battery-powered and will be used to power the microcontroller and the servos # Criterion For Success Testing in a large pool might not be feasible in the scope of this course, but we can test our project using a smaller container of pool water and physically altering different factors. The pool sensors must accurately measure the water quality and can be tested by manually changing the temperature, pH, or chlorine levels. The microcontroller must be able to accurately calculate the amount of chemicals needed to change each factor by a certain amount. This can be testable by either seeing if adding the calculated component restores each factor to an acceptable level or printing the calculation to a screen and mathematically verifying the calculations. The dispenser and servos must accurately dispense the correct amount of chemicals that the microcontroller calculated.
54	Pancake Flipper	David Lin James Lu Jason Kim	Abhisheka Mathur Sekar	Arne Fliflet	design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf other1.jpg photo1.jpg presentation2.pptx proposal2.pdf
	Team Members: - James Lu (jameslu2) - Jason Kim (jasonsk3) - David Lin (davidzl2) # Problem When flipping pancakes at home, many things can go wrong. For example, the pancake can rip, fold on itself, burn, and deform. There are many tools that automate making pancakes, but they have set sizes for the pancakes. This is an issue for varying appetite sizes. # Solution Describe your design at a high-level, how it solves the problem, and introduce the subsystems of your project. Our design automates the task of flipping pancakes. It is a device that can be used on a home and portable stove. The device has a metal plate that is placed directly on top of a heat source such as a stove. Pancakes are cooked on the metal plate. Using various sensors, an appropriate duration for cooking the pancake is determined to avoid undercooking or burning. After the cooking period, the pancake is flipped, and another timer is set to cook the other side. With automation, pancakes are less prone to ripping, folding, and deforming during the flipping process. This device allows the user to cook a pancake with a size of their choice by letting the user pour the batter manually. The subsystems include the timer, the message system, the pancake measurement system, the temperature sensor, and the flipper. # Solution Components ## Subsystem 1 Timer The timer is adjusted according to the size of the pancake, it basically sets a certain amount of time that the pancake needs to be cooked before it gets flipped. By doing so, the system makes sure to avoid overcooking and undercooking. Possible Timer: DC 5V-36V Timer Module Trigger Cycle Delay Timer Switch Turn On/Off Relay Module with LED Display ## Subsystem 2 Pancake Measurement System The pancake measurement system provides an estimate for the size of the pancake which is used as an input to calculate how long the pancake batter should be cooked before flipping. In order to obtain an estimate for the size of the pancake, an ultrasonic sensor is moved along the center of the metal plate facing downward onto the pancake. The difference in distance between the sensor and both the pancake and the plate, along with the speed of the sensor as it moves across the center of the plate, is used to calculate the pancake's diameter for size estimation. The calculations will be done in the MCU. Possible ultrasonic sensor: cusa_t75_18_2400_th Possible MCU: STM32F303K8T6TR ## Subsystem 3 Temperature Sensor The temperature sensor measures the temperature of the stove and the surface temperature of the pancake. Once the temperature sensor detects a certain temperature on the stove, the system will notify the display bar to display the message of letting the user pour the batter. Once the pancake is flipped, the temperature sensor will then start detecting for a certain temperature which would tell the user that the pancake is ready. By using the temperature sensor, the system makes sure that the pancake is thoroughly cooked. Possible temperature sensor: Amphenol JS8746B-0.20 Industrial Temperature Sensors ## Subsystem 4 Display Bar The display bar tells the user the instructions to make the pancake, such as when to start pouring the batter, when the pancake is ready. The display bar is triggered by the temperature sensor detection, in that way, the system ensures to provide the users with the correct instructions. ## Subsystem 5 Flipper When it is time to flip the pancake, the MCU will control some servos in order to create a flipping motion. # Criterion For Success Describe high-level goals that your project needs to achieve to be effective. These goals need to be clearly testable and not subjective. Successfully flipping the pancake without folding and ripping Make sure the pancake is thoroughly cooked by measuring internal temperature. The ultrasonic sensor subsystem should be able to return the diameter of the pancake. Timer is adjusted to the size of the pancake. Display bar displays the correct message at the correct time.
55	Rodent Deterrent and classification system	Jung Ki Lee Mankeerat Sidhu Rishab Vivekanandh	Angquan Yu	Arne Fliflet	design_document1.pdf design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.jpg photo2.jpg presentation1.pdf proposal2.pdf proposal1.pdf video
	Team Members - Mankeerat Sidhu, Jung Ki Lee, Rishab Problem - Every year, in late summer and fall, thousands and millions of backyards, lawns, golf courses and open grass fields suffer from rodents and birds digging the ground in search for earthworms, soil-dwelling insects, and insect larvae (grubs) ruining the grass and leaving behind large patches of loose turf. This is not only a huge problem for the grass farming industry but also for every backyard ruining the aesthetic pleasingness and plants grown on the lawn. The current deterrent methods are technologically naive including of just a motion sensor, lights and loud sounds which can leave the user unaware of the type of rodent affecting their lawn, loud noises at night and a deterrent that does not prevent lawn digging. Solution - We are proposing a rodent detection and deterrent system which comprises of many parts. Firstly using infrared and ultrasonic sensors on a rotating servo, we would detect for any rodent outside of the usual landscape of the lawn the device is placed in. The PI camera system would simultaneously work to take a clean shot of the rodent/bird and store it in the file system. If recognized to be a ground digging rodent, for the actual deterrent, our colored lights and localized speaker beeps would go in the direction of the rodent/bird rather than just in 1 direction like the previously commercialized methods. This would ensure rodent deterrent and also tell the user what type of animals are responsible for digging their lawn. Criteria For Success - To test for this method, we would set up our system on a surface and test using props of different types of animals. We need to showcase that the sensors can detect irregularity and movement outside of the known landscape, can take a photo of the rodent and then classify the rodent and then also on moving servos, send localized beeps and colored light beams towards the rodent to scare it away and realistically prevent it from digging the ground. Equipment - Arduino Uno, Raspberry pi 4, PIR sensor, Ultrasonic Sensor, PI camera module L298N motor driver, Servos, Colored Light arrays, Small speakers, LCD display (radar showing interactive component), Potentiometers and capacitors
56	Smart AC Units	Kevin Zhang Vineeth Kalister Xavier Oliva	Douglas Yu	Arne Fliflet	design_document1.docx design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf proposal2.pdf proposal1.pdf
	# TEAM MEMBERS: Kevin Zhang - kevinhz2 Vineeth Kalister - vkalis2 Xavier Oliva - xoliva2 # PROBLEM: In the United States, about a third of homes lack a central air conditioning system. While some homes are in climates where they do not need an air conditioning solution, the vast majority of other homes rely on window units for their air conditioning. This is especially true in communities with older homes, such as New York City and Boston. Many older homes use “dumb” wall-mounted AC units that are inefficient and manually set. We want to target these homes and make them more efficient through “smart” AC control units. Although there exist “smart” wall-mounted units, these are often equipped with proprietary solutions that work with few systems, or are expensive devices to modulate the voltage going inside the AC unit without changing the settings of the unit. With our Smart AC Unit system, we believe that we can accomplish a more efficient and equitable experience for those with window unit ACs and ensure optimal ease of access as well as a lower power bill. As the central air conditioning market advances in the technology available to make the air conditioning experience easier, such advances and improvements are lacking in homes that do not have central air conditioning. While there are systems in the market that allow you to have your central air conditioning system interact with voice assistants or other AI services, window unit users are stuck with simple knobs and switches. The few smart devices that do interface with window units are typically proprietary designs that work with specific higher priced designs or are devices that simply modulate voltage going into the AC system. # SOLUTION: Our proposal is a multi-part system combining temperature sensors, servo motors, and central control units to allow for wall-mount ACs to be automatically controlled through an application on one’s smart device. The device will be able to latch on top of the knobs of a window unit AC and, with the help of the User Application available on their mobile device, be able to adjust the knobs remotely to the settings of the user’s choosing. The main system relies on sensor units, control units, and mobile devices. The prototype device will be tested on a 5000 BTU Arctic King window air conditioner. # SOLUTION COMPONENTS: Air Conditioner System (Smart AC device) ## Power Unit The Smart AC itself will need to be powered with enough voltage to be able to power the two motors responsible for turning the knobs on an 5,000 BTU Arctic King window air conditioner as well the temperature and air quality sensors. ## Sensor Unit The Smart AC device will be equipped with a temperature sensor in order to read the temperature of the room, and thus, regulate the temperature to the temperature selected by the User Application. The Smart AC device will also be equipped with an air quality sensor which enables the air quality of the room to be read and communicated to the user through the User Application. ## Control Unit The control unit of the Smart AC device system will be capable of changing the settings of both the temperature and cooling knobs of the Arctic King window air conditioner. If the temperature set by the User Application is higher or lower than that measured by the Sensor Unit, the Control Unit is responsible for adjusting the air conditioner settings to ensure that the room temperature stays constant. Mobile Device System (User Application) ## UI Unit The user applications contain all the necessary features to read the current room temperature, turn on/off the AC system, change and schedule temperatures, change fan speeds, etc. ## Control Unit The user application will be able to communicate with the Smart AC device via bluetooth and/or Wi-Fi. CRITERIA FOR SUCCESS: - The AC Unit can be controlled and changed - The sensor unit can accurately read the current room temperature - Mobile Devices able to communicate with the AC System - Change AC temperature whenever and wherever via one’s smart device - Automatically set time ranges for AC use to increase the efficiency of the unit
57	Consumer device which indicates real-time signals [Pitched Project]	Bipin Ghimire Brian Oh Sakar Karki	Jialiang Zhang	Viktor Gruev
	#Problem: The urgent challenge of climate change has driven focus on energy production's carbon intensity. Yet, the real-time carbon impact of electricity consumption remains obscure to consumers. Existing models do not provide instantaneous feedback on the carbon intensity (CO2e/MWh) of electricity from local grids. This gap prevents consumers from making informed decisions to reduce their carbon footprint actively. #Solution We propose a real-time carbon intensity indicator for residential consumers. This device will visually and audibly alert users to the current and changing carbon intensity of their local grid's electricity. The product will leverage this data to prompt automated energy consumption reduction during high grid strain or suggest energy-efficient appliances. The pitch states “the function would be to get a residential electricity consumer to see and hear an indicator, whether via light, notification popup, or a sound which alerts them to either a current state or a changing state of real-time carbon intensity on their local grid. As the basic device matures, the business would be built around using this information to automate reductions in energy consumption overall or at times of grid strain, or identify more energy efficiency appliances, both with direct carbon reduction impacts.” Green, yellow, and red LEDs to show good, OK, bad, and a similar set of sounds. The product is wifi-enabled wall plug with a light and speaker controlled by a small circuit. #Solution Components ##Subsystem 1: Real-Time Data Acquisition and Communication This subsystem will acquire real-time carbon intensity data from sources like ElectricityMaps, WattTime, and similar services. It will use the Wi-Fi module (ESP32) to fetch and communicate data to the indicator. ##Subsystem 2: User Interface Indicator Involves a set of LEDs (Green, Yellow, Red) and a speaker to provide visual and auditory feedback based on the real-time data. Part numbers: Green LED (WP710A10SGC), Yellow LED (WP710A10SYC), Red LED (WP710A10SRC), and a small speaker (CUI CMS-0361KLX). It will also provide a potential user input button (MDPSLFS) to trigger and automate energy-saving actions. ##Subsystem 3: Control and Automation Logic This will use a microcontroller (ESP32P) to process the data and control the LED and sound alerts. It will also interface with home automation systems to control energy consumption based on carbon intensity. AC prongs (Q-910) will also be used to be able to plug the device into the power outlet for power data and as a power source. #Criterion For Success Our project's success will hinge on the following testable goals: Accurate display of real-time carbon intensity with less than a 60-second lag from the data source. The ability to trigger and automate energy-saving actions in response to high carbon intensity readings. User-friendly interface that clearly communicates the current state and changes in carbon intensity to the consumer.
58	Automotive Window Icing Preventer for Cars	Jiwon Bae Joon Song Taseen Karim	Vishal Dayalan	Viktor Gruev	design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.HEIC photo2.HEIC presentation1.pdf proposal2.pdf video1.mp4
	Team Members: - Jiwon Bae (jiwonb2) - JoonHyuk Song (js30) - Taseen Karim (tkarim3) # Problem In colder climates, vehicle owners often face the challenge of ice formation on their vehicles. This ice accumulation can affect visibility, vehicle functionality, and overall safety. Removing ice manually can be time-consuming, labor-intensive, and sometimes ineffective, especially in severe weather conditions. The motivation for the automotive icing preventer is to enhance safety, convenience, and efficiency for vehicle owners in cold climates. By preventing ice formation on vehicles, this solution aims to eliminate the need for manual de-icing, saving vehicle owners considerable time and effort, especially during early morning starts. Also, it ensures clear visibility and unobstructed vehicle operation, crucial for safe driving in winter conditions. Moreover, frequent scraping and chemical de-icers can damage a vehicle's exterior. A more gentle de-icing method can help preserve the vehicle's integrity. # Solution Our solution is to design an automotive heating system attached to the inside of the vehicle onto the windshield. The device will contain heating coils within a carefully selected burn-resistant material, heating the windshield from the inside to ultimately reduce the icing. The heating pad would utilize a temperature sensor and thermostat-like closed-loop feedback system controlled over a microcontroller, as well as an LED display which would give feedback to the users. Our device will also contain a small battery-powered unit that will deliver power to the sensors and activate/deactivate power to the coils based off of the sensor feedback. # Solution Components ## Microcontroller The microcontroller will be the control unit for the entire system. It would be connected to the temperature sensor, power supply, and the feedback to the users. We decided to use an Arduino microcontroller where we could easily monitor the exact temperature outside and specifically control the temperature of the heating pad. The control unit carefully detects the temperature of the windshield regularly and turns on the heating pad when the temperature of the outside of the windshield is well below freezing degrees. The windshield of a car typically endures a temperature of up to 100 degrees of directly applied heat before potentially cracking. Thus, for the heating pad, we are aiming for a temperature of 32-40 degrees(F) for the windshield, which is well over freezing degrees and would use less power as well. Consistently checking the temperature of the windshield and the heating pad, once the windshield reaches the capacity we determined (40 degrees), the heating pad will turn off. The control unit also is responsible for outputting feedback to the users on the LED display. It would contain the indication of whether the heating pad is on or off. The LED would light green if the heating pad is on and would turn off when the heating pad is off. ## Power Unit The power supply unit will utilize a variable voltage regulator to adjust power from 30W to 200W to the heating coils, with a fixed voltage of 3.3V to sensors and microcontroller. We will need long-lasting and rechargeable batteries (LiPo batteries are most ideal), along with a battery holder. ## Sensor Unit The sensor unit will utilize some sort of temperature sensing technology (thermocouple, RTD, thermistors, this is TBD) and be integrated into a closed-loop feedback system that is linked to the power unit. Direct power to the heating coils will be fully determined by the sensor unit. If the sensor unit detects temperatures below freezing, it will queue the power unit to deliver power directly to the coils. If the sensor unit detects temperatures above freezing, the heating coils will stop receiving power. The sensor unit will be receiving low fixed voltage at all times. # Criterion For Success For the automotive icing preventer project, success can be defined by meeting the following specific and measurable goals: Surface Temperature Regulation: The system maintains the vehicle's surface temperature consistently above 0°C (32°F), regardless of external weather conditions. This is verified by sensor data indicating that the surface temperature never falls below the freezing point during operation. Power Regulation: The coils will only receive power when temperatures fall below freezing point. When temperatures are ideal, the coils will remain off and a constant voltage will be relayed to the microcontroller and sensor units to continue monitoring temperature fluctuations. Feedback: We will incorporate some form of display to show whether or not the coils are receiving power as well as battery percentage. We will also have a variable voltage regulator display showing the amount of supplied voltage.
59	Automatic Titration System	Jack Viebrock Jason Flanagan Matthew Weyrich	Selva Subramaniam	Jonathon Schuh	design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.heic photo2.heic presentation1.pptx proposal2.pdf video
	# Automatic Titration System ## Team Members: - Jack Viebrock (Jackav3) - Jason Flanagon (Jasonpf2) - Matthew Weyrich (Weyrich4) ## Problem Titration is a time-consuming process that can introduce large amounts of error from the manual procedure, such as improper burette reading, accidental extra analyte added, and guessing on the endpoint with a color indicator. Automatic titration systems can help reduce this error but cost over $3,000, restricting their application to wealthy labs. ## Solution We will create a lower-cost automatic titration system to bridge this gap in the market to make it affordable to have high-quality titration data accuracy over manual methods ## Solution Components: ### Subsystem 1: Sensors PH Module Probe Detection and Acquisition Monitoring Control Industrial Inspection Tool PH014 PH Electrode Probe: Amazon.com: Industrial & Scientific (https://www.amazon.com/Detection-Acquisition-Monitoring-Industrial-Inspection/dp/B08XMBGCM8/ref=asc_df_B08XMBGCM8/?tag=hyprod-20&linkCode=df0&hvadid=675719866680&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=3781607236679164999&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=1016367&hvtargid=pla-2246775686040&psc=1&mcid=c6b1279b2a033a4ebc0bcac78d93f067 ) The titration system will not need the use of an indicator. To determine the amount of titrate to add to the solution, a pH sensor will be used. This sensor will connect to microcontroller, indicating the current acidity of the solution on a scale of 0-14, where 7 is the base value. ### Subsystem 2: Power System We will be using an AC (120V, 60Hz) wall to DC (dependent on final components and circuits) adapter, additionally we will need to use dc-to-dc adapters for the varying dc voltages needed for the varying subsystem devices including the microcontroller (5.5V), stepping motor (2.8V). With those dc-to-dc converters, we can make our own PCBs or order prefabricated devices to perform the conversion. If time permits, we may dive into a battery system to support portability. ### Subsystem 3: Control PIC PIC® 18F Microcontroller IC 8-Bit 48MHz 32KB (16K x 16) FLASH 28-SOIC The microcontroller will be taking the live output voltage from the pH sensors and will control the speed and precision of the titrate pump accordingly. The microcontroller will also be in-charge of starting and ending the pump when the start button is pressed. Volume amounts per step of the motor will be pre-determined and calibrated so the microcontroller can determine volume. ### Subsystem 4: Motor Our implementation of an automatic titration system will imitate a burette by using a syringe driver, which is a stepper motor and linear actuator to precisely administer titrant with a syringe. The motor will need to be connected to the PCB so it can be controlled through the microcontroller. This is a potential stepper motor we could use: Buy 17N19S1684MB-200RS Nema 17 Non-captive Linear Stepper Motor Actuator 48mm Stack 1.8 Deg 1.68A Lead 8mm/0.31496" Lead Screw 200mm Online - Oyostepper.com (https://www.oyostepper.com/goods-1162-Nema-17-Non-captive-Linear-Stepper-Motor-Actuator-48mm-Stack-168A-Lead-8mm031496-Length-200mm.html) which has 0.04 mm lead/step to allow us to compress the syringe exactly. The syringe will then be attached to a plastic tube with a pointed end to minimize drop size, thus further increasing precision on titrant dispense. ### (Stretch Goal) Subsystem 5: Display of Data with Graph The main data output to user will be a live reading of the pH, but this stretch goal will display a common graph used in titrations is called a “titration curve”. If we can fit it in the budget and time constraints, we will add this functionality to display this graph. Amazon.com: Treedix 3.5 inch TFT LCD Display 320 x 480 Color Screen Module Compatible with Arduino UNO R3 Mega2560 : Electronics (https://www.amazon.com/Treedix-Display-Screen-Arduino-Mega2560/dp/B0872S57HG?source=ps-sl-shoppingads-lpcontext&ref_=fplfs&psc=1&smid=A22NPL1KB8AOV0 ) An Arduino Uno will be used along with an LCD display to show the current pH of the solution. A live graph will be created using the Arduino Serial Plotter to visually show the live data from the pH sensors. ## Criterion For Success (For safety with demos, we can do a food-safe vinegar titration to avoid any harmful chemicals) - Primary Success: Repeat titration with only 0.5% deviation between measurements - Secondary Success: Provide a decrease in 30% of time taken over a manual titration.
60	Automatic Ice Fishing Rod	Andrew Osepek James Niewiarowski Luke Boelke	Zicheng Ma	Arne Fliflet	design_document1.pdf design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf presentation1.pdf proposal1.pdf proposal2.pdf video1.mov
	Team Members: - James Niewiarowski (jcn3) - Andrew Osepek (aosepek2) - Luke Boelke (lboelke2) # Problem Ice fishing can be a very tedious and labor-intensive process. While it is being performed, the fisherman must dedicate all of their attention to the task at hand, constantly jigging the rod, making multitasking impossible. It must be done in a very cold environment as well, which gets uncomfortable after long periods of time. Additionally, there can be long stretches with little to no bites. If the fisherman did not have to constantly attend to the rod, these stretches of no activity would be perfect for taking a break to warm up, eat a meal, etc., but the nature of ice fishing makes this impossible. # Solution We plan to create an automated ice fishing rod that eases the challenges associated with ice fishing. The user will have the ability to spool any lb-test line onto the device as with any lure when fishing. The fisherman can set the depth at which his lure hangs below the ice. The fishing rod will have the ability to jig the attached lure in hopes of attracting fish. When a tug occurs at the line, the user will be alerted through an alarm and notification. A mobile app will allow the user to set preferences to the depth of the line and jigging. # Solution Components ## Fishing Rod The fishing rod component will consist of an ice fishing rod (short rod length) attached to a tripod stand, holding the rod upright and dangling the line above the water. The fishing reel will have a hand crank on one side that will allow the fisherman to reel in the fish on their own, and on the other side, a clamp, which is easy to remove/attach, will connect the spool to a DC motor to allow for automatic reeling. ## Microcontroller An STM32 microcontroller will do the processing on the device itself. The microcontroller will have the ability to turn the fishing spool in both directions allowing the lure to be reeled-out or reeled-in through a DC motor. Bending strain gauges will be placed at the tip and middle of the fishing rod to measure the degree at which the rod bends, thus determining if a fish is on the line. A push-pull actuator placed at the bottom of the fishing rod will simulate a fisherman jigging their rod by moving the tip of the fishing rod up and down. If the stress at the tip of the rod exceeds normal, the jigging functionality will halt and notify the fisherman. The microcontroller has wireless communication capabilities. From the user application, the fisherman will be able to adjust the settings of the fishing device above from a remote application. Equipment: STM32 microcontroller, Hemobllo Strain Gauge Bending Test Sensor, Electric 12V - 2" Actuator, 12V DC motor ## Power subsystem We will have batteries connected together in series to have adequate charge. There will also be a circuit for the power supply that regulates the power output from the batteries. There will also be a switch on the system to shut off the power supply to prevent the batteries from draining too fast. We will also need a power distribution system that will supply different amounts of electricity to the sensors, motors, and control board. The power subsystem will be designed to maximize efficiency of electricity used and try to reduce energy loss. ## User Application The user application will allow the user to modify the settings of the fishing device (e.g., depth of the lure, whether to automatically reel in) while also allowing the user to insert/remove catch information from their account. For example, when they make a catch, they can type in the time caught, location, depth of lure, type of fish, etc. into the app, where it will then be uploaded to a GCP database. This information can then be viewed within the app for future reference. ## GCP Database A SQL relational database that records each user’s catches. Two tables would exist in the database that contain user information and their related catch information. Attributes of the catch table would include time caught, location, depth of lure, type of fish, length of fish, weight of fish, and other information. GCP provides new users with a $300 credit which is more than enough for us to use their service. ## Testing We believe we can demonstrate the functionality of this device in a staircase, a balcony, or another elevated surface, avoiding the need to go on a frozen lake. # Criterion For Success Rod automatically jigs back and forth in a controlled manner when the user is absent Rod is able to reel in and reel out automatically. - User will be able to adjust fishing rod’s setting in application - User is able to store the information of their catch in the application and view previous catches - Application gets a notification when sensors detect rod bending - Jigging halts when sensors detect rod bending
61	Stick On Car Proximity Sensor	Aryan Damani Raunak Bathwal Shrijan Sathish	Angquan Yu	Arne Fliflet	final_paper1.pdf other1.pdf photo1.jpg presentation1.pptx proposal1.pdf
	Team Members: Shrijan Sathish (shrijan2) Aryan Damani (aryansd2) Raunak Bathwal (raunakb2) # Problem Describe the problem you want to solve and motivate the need. Many older cars lack proximity sensors that let the user know how close their car is to various obstacles, whether it be their garages, parking spot walls, or even curbs. Though this can be handled through various tricks of knowing where to look in the rearview or side mirrors to know where the front, sides, or back of the car is with respect to walls and other obstacles, it is always better to be sure. We aim to solve this inconvenience that comes with older model cars. # Solution Describe your design at a high-level, how it solves the problem, and introduce the subsystems of your project. Our solution involves using 4 proximity sensors that can be placed on each corner of the car, with a receiver that can be placed inside the car. These will be linked through bluetooth and the receiver itself will also contain 4 lights on each of its corners. This will correspond with each sensor placed, and light up as well as produce an auditory cue (most likely small “beeps”) to alert the user how close they are to an obstacle and where it is. The closer you are to an obstacle, the faster the frequency of the beeps. # Solution Components ## Subsystem 1: Proximity Sensor The first, and main system, will be the sensors placed all around the car. Each module will be the same, regardless of where on the car it is placed. Each module will consist of 1-3 ultrasonic sensors(HC-SR04) based on their predicted placement on the vehicle, our custom PCB, a small watch battery, and a wireless RF transceiver (WRL-10534). The module will constantly transmit distance data to the receiver module located within the vehicle to make sure the driver is aware of how close they may be to any potential obstacles. ## Subsystem 2: Receiver The receiver subsystem will be located within the vehicle, consisting of an RF receiver (WRL-10534) to communicate with the above proximity sensors, a power adapter to get power from the USB/car power, and a microcontroller(ATmega328P) to read input from proximity sensors, and output signals to control the lights and speakers over bluetooth using a bluetooth module (CC2541F256TRHATQ1) if necessary and if the vehicle is too close to an object. ## Subsystem 3: Lights + Speaker The light and speaker system will consist of a small speaker that we have that will change frequency based on how close an object is, combined with a set of red LED diodes to represent which sensor is being triggered so the driver knows which direction to avoid. # Criterion For Success Our criterion for success will be testing with an actual car, where we reach a constant beep when we reach a distance of less than one foot to an obstacle, which will be our reassurance that the sensors work. Our second criterion for success is to get someone to use the system and determine if they are able to stop before/avoid obstacles with a relatively safe margin of error.
62	Automated Multi-Cat Feeder	Lingxiang Cai Omolola Okesanjo Qingyuan Liu	Nithin Balaji Shanthini Praveena Purushothaman	Jonathon Schuh	design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.PNG photo2.PNG photo3.PNG presentation1.pdf proposal2.pdf
	ECE 445 (SENIOR DESIGN PROJECT) REQUEST FOR APPROVAL Team Members: Omolola okesanjo (omolola2) Lingxiang Cai (lcai15) Qingyuan Liu (ql21) PROBLEM A cat feeder. Lots of pet owners (cat owners especially) have different cats at home, moreso different breeds. When these owners are not home or are away, feeding them becomes difficult especially with different diets and different nutritional needs. There needs to be a way to measure nutritional needs of different pets and feed them according to those needs, where the owner is at home or not. SOLUTION To solve this problem, we want to build an automated cat feeder system with an identification system for the different cats/pets. This system dispenses food for each cat according to their planned diet and nutritional needs. We incorporate a feeder system to dispense food, an RFID system to identify each cat before dispensing and a timer that works with the feeder system. SOLUTION COMPONENTS FEEDER SYSTEM This is a mechanical system that is integrated with the RFID and timer system. After identifying which cat needs food and based on the timing needs of the cat diet, the motor dispenses the right food mixture and the right quatity into the bowl for the cat to eat. The circuit is going to be integrated with the RFID on a microcontroller on a PCB. RFID SYSTEM When a cat comes to the system for food, the RFID system is used to read data (based on a chip on the cat) to see which breed, types of food the cat needs, quantity, etc. TIMER/CLOCK This is to set a regular time to determine when the dispenser should dispense food because we don't want our cat over eating under under-eating. CRITERION FOR SUCCESS High-Level Goals: The RFID system can successfully identify different cats and determine what to feed them based on pre-recorded data (good measure would be 2 or 3 cats.) The timer works according to the instruction based on each cat. The dispenser is able to dispense food. The dispenser can mix the right food for each cat. The PCB works correctly. All systems are able to be integrated together.
63	Bluetooth Heater (Burner)	Navin Ranganathan Shaunak Fadnis Varun Kowdle	Zicheng Ma	Viktor Gruev	design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf presentation2.pdf proposal2.pdf
	# Bluetooth Heater (Burner) # Team Members: - Varun Kowdle (vkowdle2) - Shaunak Fadnis (sfadnis2) - Navin Ranganathan (navinr2) # Problem Each day, millions of people drink warm coffee, tea, or soup. However, one common challenge faced is maintaining the ideal temperature over time, especially in busy environments or during extended periods of consumption. Moreover, traditional methods like reheating in microwaves can degrade the quality of the drink or food, while passive insulating containers often fail to maintain the desired temperature for long. The repeated process of reheating can be time-consuming and energy-inefficient, making it a less than ideal solution for both home and office settings. This results to a compromised experience, as the taste derived from hot beverages and soups is significantly tied to their warmth. # Solution To address this issue, we propose to make a heating pad with bluetooth capabilities so that users can adjust temperature to three settings. This allows users to change the heating pad to their ideal temperature to the requirements of the beverage or soup. Integration of bluetooth allows for a convenient and remote control, enabling users to adjust settings directly from their smartphones. More importantly, we want to make sure that the pad is durable and energy efficient to support user needs. # Solution Components: ## Subsystem 1 App (Bluetooth Connection) : A bluetooth module will be used to communicate with a personal device to control the device. The user can set the temperature/heating amount for the pad(s), within a restricted amount. It will also provide feedback on what is at what temperature, and how long it has been (with possible warnings for a quality drop if it has been long enough. Components: Bluetooth Module (ex: RNBD451 - Microchip Bluetooth 5.2 Module) ## Subsystem 2 Heating Pad: We would have a resistive heating element similar to a coil that would heat a pad for people to place cups, bowls, etc.. Using a temperature sensor we will feed data back to our control unit that also communicates with the app to see if any changes have been made. Components: Temperature Sensor Heating Element Options: Peltier Module (for adding cooling) Inductive Coil ## Subsystem 3 Power Management: Ensures the device operates efficiently, minimizing energy consumption while providing adequate power to the heating element. Components: Battery (if portable): A high-capacity, rechargeable battery that supports extended use on a single charge.Techniques such as automatic shutdown after a period of inactivity, or adaptive temperature control to reduce power usage when the target temperature is maintained. Similarly, bluetooth module to adjust temperature based on user preference # Criterion For Success The device must heat beverages or soups to the selected temperature with high accuracy and maintain the temperature within a narrow margin of error. Moreover, the device should maintain stable Bluetooth connectivity within a typical range, allowing for seamless communication between the heating pad and the user's mobile device.Likewise, the heating pad should use energy efficiently, reducing the need for frequent recharging (if battery-powered) or minimizing electrical consumption (if corded). Lastly, we must incorporate safety features to prevent overheating of both the pad and the beverage/soup, ensuring the device is safe to touch and does not pose a risk of burning the user or damaging surfaces.
64	FPV Racing Drone	Eli O'Malley Griffin Descant Hunter Baisden	Tianxiang Zheng	Viktor Gruev	design_document1.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.png photo2.png presentation1.pdf proposal1.pdf video
	# FPV Racing Drone Team members: - Elias O'Malley (eliasco2) - Hunter Baisden (baisden2) - Griffin Descant (descant2) # Problem FPV Racing drones are usually very large and fast and thus require a large space. The Center for Autonomy Labs has a flying arena for lightweight drones such as the Crazyflie. However, the Crazyflie do not have a first person view. # Solution We propose to develop a small, lightweight FPV system for the Crazyflie in order to facilitate lightweight, small-space drone racing. # Solution Components ## Power system The system will draw power from the Crazyflie and use regulators to power each of the subsystems. ## Camera A lightweight camera will be used to capture video from the drone. ## Transmitter/Receiver A video transmitter on the drone will stream the video from the camera to a receiver connected to the headset. ## Video Processor Microprocessors on the drone and at the receiving end will convert the camera data for transmitting and the received data back to video for the headset. ## IF LED Array In order to track the location of the drone for the purpose of racing analytics, an infrared LED array will be attached to the drone to display a programmable pattern. This would allow the simultaneous tracking and differentiation of multiple drones in the future. This will be tracked using the labs Vicon motion tracking system. # Criterion for Success 1 – The Vicon motion system should successfully track the drone using the IF LED array. 2 - The headset should receive a video stream of at least 30Hz. 3 – The Crazyflie should be able to maintain flight for 3 mins with the system running.
65	Smart Pill Hub	Eric Cheng Jerry Ning Jinpeng Liu	Luoyan Li	Jonathon Schuh	design_document3.pdf final_paper1.pdf final_paper3.pdf other1.jpeg other2.jpeg photo2.jpeg photo1.jpeg presentation1.pptx proposal2.pdf video
	Smart Pill Hub Team Members: Jerry Ning (yuxinn2) Eric Cheng (hc43) Jinpeng Liu (jinpeng4) Problem Managing multiple medications is a complex task, particularly for elderly or chronically ill patients who may have cognitive impairments or difficulties following a strict medication regimen. Missed doses or incorrect dosing can lead to ineffective treatment or severe health complications. Traditional pillboxes provide limited assistance and lack the ability to alert users or track medication intake. Smart pill boxes are not any much better. Almost all current pillboxes for sale lack features like automatic portioning and counting. The ones that have app/internet support are very expersive(up to thousands of dollars). Solution To address this, we propose a smart pill hub with the ability to store, dispense, and manage up to 8 different types of pills. It features individual compartments, a precision dispensing mechanism, a user-friendly mobile app, and integrated scales for automated pill counting. The hub will alert users via a dim light and beep sound for medication times, and it will be controlled via a Bluetooth-enabled mobile app that sets dosage amounts and frequencies. The device is designed to be powered by two step motors, controlled by an MCU, with digital scales integrated, and will have a wall power supply with a battery backup. Solution Components Subsystem 1: Pill Storage and Dispensing Mechanism Each of the 8 containers can hold a different type of pill. Two step motors, controlled by an MCU, will activate a mechanism to dispense the correct number of pills from each compartment. The mechanism we will use is similar to what is used in some ammo production. The funnel-like shaped container sits at the top, with a tube similar like( https://stock.adobe.com/images/pills-in-a-test-tube-on-a-black-background/205791226 ) this under the container. A gumball machine similar rotary design that will only dispense one pill at a time. Throughout our design process, we found the typical medication sizes ( https://www.swansonvitamins.com/help/product-information/product-information-faqs/pill-size-guide.html ), which can only use 3 sizes of tube to accurately dispense all kinds of pill one at a time. When dispensing from a different container, it will automatically change to preset tube size using a rotary by step motor as well. All those will be controlled by a MCU Subsystem 2: Control and Mobile Application with Bluetooth Connectivity An intuitive mobile app will interface with the MCU via Bluetooth. Users can set the name of the pills, number of pills added, dosing schedule, dose amount, and view the estimated number of pills remaining. The app will also allow users to confirm the count of newly added pills as measured by the scale. The app will also allow the hub purely used as dispenser, which allowing user to dispense certain amount of each pill to the compartment at once, or allowing user to dispense mix of pills(e.g. daily mix) x(e.g.days) amount of times for traveling purposes and such. The app will also notify the user at scheduled time as well. Without bluetooth connection, the hub should still be able to dispense correctly and store the data(e.g. amount of pill dispensed), which the app can be updated once the bluetooth is connected again. A light to the corresponding box on the hub will be lit if there is less than 3 day’s dosage of a certain pill as well. Subsystem 3: Integrated Digital Scales A small scale will be integrated into our hub as well. When the user did not add an entire new bottle or the user wanted to add an unknown amount of pills into the containers, the user can put a single pill on the scale, and our device will record the weight of the single pill. Users can then add the one kind of unknown amount of pills into one container, which we will use to scale to weight the weight difference to estimate how many of the kinds of pills have been added. This procedure of user adding pills will work together with our mobile app Subsystem 4: Alert System The device will feature a dual alert system - a dim light that turns on at the time of dosing and a beeping sound that activates every minute if the compartment is not opened post-alert, ensuring the user takes their medication at scheduled time. Subsystem 5: backup battery We will use a couple 9v batteries as the backup power plan. The backup power should work and be able to supply the hub for a couple days. the hub should indicate it is on backup power and potentially show backup power level as well. Criterion For Success Accurate Dispensing: The device should dispense the correct number of pills as per the set schedule. Automated Counting: The integrated scales must accurately count the number of pills added to each compartment. User-Friendly Interface: The mobile app should be intuitive, allowing users to easily set up and modify their medication schedules. Reliable Alerts: The alert system must reliably notify the user at the correct times for medication. Backup power: The backup power should work and be able to supply the hub for a couple days.
66	Item-Tracking Backpack	Abdullah Alfaraj Raef Almuallem	Surya Vasanth	Arne Fliflet	design_document1.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.jpeg photo2.jpeg presentation1.pdf proposal3.pdf video1.mp4
	# Item-Tracking Backpack # Team Members: Abdullah Alfaraj (alfaraj3) Raef Almuallem (raefma2) # Problem Many people use backpacks to store their belongings when going out. Since backpacks can hold many items, it can be easy to lose track of what has been put in it. The act of checking the bag to ensure nothing has been forgotten can often be inconvenient. This becomes especially time-consuming when many items have been placed in the backpack. Keeping track of where each item has been placed can also be a hassle for smaller items or when there is a large number of items in the bag. # Solution A system for monitoring the items present in the backpack using RFID can be implemented as a solution. Users can input the items they plan on placing in the bag using a phone application. RFID tags can be placed on these items, and once all of the items listed have been detected, a green LED will light up to indicate that nothing has been forgotten. Moreover, to assist with keeping track of the items within the bag, the user will be able to specify where a specific item will be placed. A red LED will light up to indicate that a compartment does not contain the exact items desired. # Solution Components ## Subsystem 1: Sensors This subsystem will deal with detecting the items present in the bag. RFID will be used to monitor each individual item present. ## Substyem 2: Microcontroller The microcontroller will interface with the RFID sensors to determine which items are present, and whether all items have been placed. It will turn on the green LED and turn off the red LEDs when all items are present. ## Subystem 3: Indication A 10 mm green LED will be used to indicate if all the items the user was planning on placing in the backpack are present. The LED will light up once the RFID has detected all the desired items to inform the user that nothing has been forgotten. A 10 mm red LED will be used for each compartment, and it will light up if the RFID could not detect a desired item in the compartment. ## Subsystem 4: Application The application will allow users to create a list of items to be placed in the backpack. Items can be added and removed from the list and any items missing will be displayed. The application will also allow for the organization of the items in the bag by allowing the user to add items to a given compartment. # Criterion for Success Green LED lights up when all the desired items have been placed, otherwise, it is off Red LEDs light up if items are missing from a given compartment Two compartments capable of storing large items properly track the items contained in it One compartment capable of storing small items properly tracks the items contained within it The application allows for the list of items to be placed in the backpack to be changed The application allows for the organization of the items to be placed in different compartments The application recommends missing items or items placed in an incorrect compartment
67	Toothbrush Alarm	Carl Xu Eric Lin Laurenz Nava	Zicheng Ma	Jonathon Schuh	design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.png photo2.png photo3.png photo4.png presentation1.pdf proposal2.pdf video1.mp4 video
	# Toothbrush Alarm Team Members: - Eric Lin (yulin4) - Carl Xu (zx32) - Laurenz Nava (lfnava2) # Problem Waking up early in the morning is a challenge that many people face, and conventional alarms often fail to provide an effective solution. Despite setting multiple alarms, people find themselves consistently oversleeping, waking up significantly later than intended. This issue can lead to a range of negative consequences, including disrupted daily schedules, reduced productivity, and increased stress. Traditional alarms tend to lack the ability to ensure that a person not only wakes up but also gets out of bed and starts their day. This is particularly problematic for those with a heavy sleeping pattern or a habit of snoozing alarms. # Solution To address this issue, our idea is to create a Toothbrush Alarm. The concept involves an alarm that persists until you get up and spend, for example, 3 minutes brushing your teeth. Once the toothbrushing routine is complete, the alarm automatically stops. This not only ensures a timely wake-up but also promotes a refreshed start to the day after engaging in the morning teeth-cleaning ritual. # Solution Components ## Subsystem 1 – Toothbrush Dock The dock will sense the proximity of the toothbrush, and how long the user’s been brushing their teeth. Once the user picks the toothbrush up and puts it down after more than 3 minutes, it will tell the alarm to turn off. The dock will contain our PCB board to control the whole system. Multiple pressure sensors are contained in a shape that perfectly matches the bottom of the toothbrush to detect if the toothbrush is docked. The sensors will be at the bottom and side to ensure the object docked is the toothbrush, and the user is not fooling the dock with another object. DF9-16 pressure sensor: https://a.co/d/5HXVw5w ## Subsystem 2 – Miniature Accelerometer To ensure the user brushes their teeth after picking up the toothbrush, the accelerometer will be used to detect whether the user is making appropriate teeth brushing movements. While it is possible to simply wave the toothbrush without actually brushing your teeth, the main purpose of the device is to wake up the user, and sufficient physical movement will help, regardless of if it is used to brush teeth or not. The accelerometer will determine the force applied on the brush and how often it switches directions, so it can tell when the user is brushing their teeth ADXL326BCPZ-RL7: https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/analog-devices-inc/ADXL326BCPZ-RL7/2043340 ## Subsystem 3 - Alarm The alarm is connected to the toothbrush dock, and it will stop ringing once the user picks up the toothbrush. However, if the user does not put it back into the dock after 5 minutes, it will restart the ring. The alarm will be a speaker integrated into the dock, or can be wired into the user’s room to more effectively wake them up. COM-11089 ROHS speaker: https://www.sparkfun.com/products/11089 ## Subsystem 4 – Body Motion Sensor A possible addition to the project for added complexity. It would detect the appearance of a new individual in the bathroom to further ensure the system works intended. The motion sensor will be installed around the dock, facing the user to detect if they have entered the bathroom and continued present in the bathroom, ensuring they are not fooling the system. HC-SR312 AM312 pir motion detector senses passive body infrared to make sure the moving object is a human. HC-SR312 AM312 pir motion detector: https://a.co/d/3Jodam9 # Criterion For Success 1. Alarm will turn off after the user brushed their teeth for 3 minutes. 2. Toothbrush can detect if it is inside a human’s mouth. 3. Dock can detect if the toothbrush is present in the dock. 4. Dock can track how long the toothbrush is not present.
68	Smart Vitamin Drink Mix	Andrew Chang Dhruv Panchmia Horace Yu	Nikhil Arora	Viktor Gruev	design_document1.pdf design_document2.pdf final_paper2.pdf presentation1.pptx proposal2.pdf video
	# Mana #### Team Members: - Dhruv (dhruvp4) - Andrew (andrew51) - Horace (horacey2) # Problem Generic multivitamins have a proprietary blend of vitamins and minerals, but everyone has unique needs and restrictions when it comes to supplementation. since you can't take vitamin B complexes while on the medicine. # Solution _describe project_ A machine that makes a vitamin drink mix for you based on your diet, medical restrictions, and lifestyle. _how does this solve the problem?_ Potential Use Cases - Athletes might need more sodium and electrolytes. - People that don't go outside that much might need more vitamin D. - People that don't eat a lot of vegetables might need dietary fiber. etc. _introduce subsystems_ # Solution Components ### Subsystem 1: Mobile Integration - Stores user information in a database - Recommends vitamins based on what the user is lacking - Calculates dosages based on user information - Tracks storage container fill capacity Sensors and components - Bluetooth Module + microcontroller (nRF52840) --- ### Subsystem 2: Storage Explanation of subsystem - Show the capacity of each container in the mobile app. - The main way of determining the capacity of the container is through software. Each container should have a certain fill level that we already know of. We know the amount of product that will leave the container and so we are able to determine how much is left through simple math. - We will include IR sensors which will determine when the container's contents have hit critically low levels. This is used as more of a failsafe/verification step to ensure that the user is accurately informed of when to refill the container. - We will include logic in our software to check for Sensors and components - IR break beam sensor (https://www.adafruit.com/product/2167) --- ### Subsystem 3: Dispenser Explanation of subsystem - Responsible for transporting the required vitamins for said day into the drink - The storage system would be placed on a turntable which would allow orient the desired vitamin directly above the cup that the user would place, there would be sensors in place to verify that the desired vitamin and aligned correctly to allow for proper dispensing into the cup - Each storage compartment would have a hole in the bottom, with a mushroom like cap covering it from the inside, once the desired compartment is aligned with the cup, there will be a mechanism that pokes the mushroom like cap up to allow the powder to flow into the cup. - Alignment can be configured by using a color sensor and having a different color for every compartment and based on the color it spots, it will know whether or not to stop or to go to the next compartment. - The dispensing mechanism itself which lifts the mushroom cap would have a motor attached to a gear which would be connected to another gear which would be connected to the rod that pushes the mushroom cap up Sensors and components - Color Sensor : https://www.sparkfun.com/products/22638 - Stepper Motor or Servo Motor (For Turntable, depends on required amount of torque) : https://www.amazon.com/VKLSVAN-4-Phase-28BYJ-48-Stepper-Raspberry/dp/B0CLYCM1CP/ref=sr_1_7?keywords=Arduino+Stepper+Motor&qid=1706643486&sr=8-7 - 180 degrees Servo Motor (For Dispensing Mechanism) : https://www.amazon.com/Miuzei-Helicopter-Airplane-Remote-Control/dp/B07NSVKZP7/ref=sr_1_7?keywords=Arduino+Servo+Motor&qid=1706643387&sr=8-7 - Encoders (If not built into the motors already) - Motor Drivers : https://www.amazon.com/HiLetgo-PCA9685-Channel-12-Bit-Arduino/dp/B01D1D0CX2/ref=sr_1_4?keywords=Servo+Motor+Driver&qid=1706644598&sr=8-4 --- ### Subsystem 4: Power Explanation of subsystem We plan for our product to be something that is able to be placed in a stationary position in a home. Because of this, we will need an AC to DC power supply. We plan to use a traditional barrel plug ac to dc wall adapter power supply and create internal buck and boost converters for chips that will need to operate at lower or higher voltages than the power supply provides. This is an inexpensive, yet effective solution to the problem at hand. Sensors and components - Barrel plug AC to DC power supply (https://www.sparkfun.com/products/15313) - Voltage regulators (LM317T) - Variety of components (resistors and capacitors) to build around the voltage regulator # Criterion For Success: Describe high-level goals that your project needs to achieve to be effective. These goals need to be clearly testable and not subjective. - It should be able to rotate to different containers to change the powder it dispenses - It should be able to dispense an accurate amount of powder into a cup - It should be able to connect to another device via bluetooth - It should be able to communicate with the other device to receive control signals - It should be able to be powered by the AC wall outlet Software - It should be able to identify food items in a picture - It should be able to store user data and estimate their general diet - It should be able to recommend vitamins and supplements based on stored data
69	A Comprehensive Approach to Tumor Detection using RGB, NIR, and Immersive 3D Visualization	Amy He TJ Shapiro Zach Mizrachi	Jason Zhang	Viktor Gruev	design_document1.pdf final_paper1.pdf other1.pdf
	ECE 445 Senior Design RFA A Comprehensive Approach to Tumor Detection using RGB, NIR, and Immersive 3D Visualization Team Members: - Zach Mizrachi (zdm3) - TJ Shapiro (tylers5) - Yue (Amy) He (yuehe4) # Problem The most widely used approach for tumor removal today is traditional surgery, which introduces a host of problems. This traditional method relies solely on the surgeon's visual and tactile feedback, which is subject to human error. The surgeon is also operating on his or her own view of the tumor, which is often limited when the tumor is not easily visible. All of the above can lead to excess damage being done to the patient in order to increase tumor visibility, or accidental damage caused by human error. # Solution We propose a camera system meant to assist a surgeon in their removal of a tumor. The system is intended to perform two main tasks: detect the tumor by segmenting it from the surrounding biological material, and reconstruct the detected tumor in 3D. The camera system is small and highly mobile, such as to allow the surgeon to view all areas of the tumor. The presented solution will improve the visual capabilities of the surgeon, allowing for continuous visualization and informed decision making. The setup: putting some fluorescent drug over the area of interest, and the tissue would reflect NIR light while the tumor wouldn’t. We use that to distinguish between the tumor area and the healthy area via the tumor-detecting pen system. This method has been validated in the pilot study. Specifically, we intend to visualize the operating surface in real time in the Apple Vision Pro, highlighting the tumor in augmented reality from the NIR. This will allow the surgeon to record the area of interest guided by the highlighting from NIR, contributing to more accurate photos for the tumor reconstruction. Then, in post processing, we will generate a 3D model of the tumor that will allow the surgeon to have a more detailed view of the region of surgical interest. ## Subsystem ### Casing Module - Part Name: 3D Print - Part #: N/A - Protocol: N/A - Purpose of Part: Hold all components rigidly together ### Imaging Module - Part Name: Beam Splitter Part #: Edmund Optics, Family ID #2185, Visible and NIR Plate Beamsplitters Protocol: N/A Purpose of Part: Take in Visible Light, split the beam into two equal beams - Part Name: NIR Filter Part #: 49950 - RT – Raman 785nm Laser Longpass Set Protocol: N/A Purpose of Part: Filter beam for NIR light - Part Name: NIR Sensor Part #: LI-OV5640-MIPI-AF-NIR Protocol: MIPI Purpose of Part: Record NIR signal - Part Name: RGB Filter Part #: Chroma 27040 - Lum Protocol: N/A Purpose of Part: Filter beam for RGB light - Part Name: RGB Sensor Part #: Digikey, 2289-LI-IMX185-MIPI-M12-ND Protocol: MIPI Purpose of Part: Record RGB signal - Part Name: Lens Part #: Edmund Optics, Family ID #1748, Uncoated Double-Convex (DCX) Lenses Protocol: N/A Purpose of Part: Focus the light on the camera sensors ### Processing Module - Part Name: NVIDIA Jetson - Part #: Digikey, 1597-102110417-ND - Protocol: MIPI - Purpose of Part: Image analysis and sensor fusion - Additional Notes: - Uses SPI to connect the device and the display - GPU is responsible for generating a 3D representation based on the input data - Storing the frames from real-time for later processing ### PCB Components - Part Name: IMU - Part #: Digikey LSM6DSO iNEMO™ - Protocol: SPI/I2C, and MIPI I3CSM serial interface - Purpose of Part: Record pose information for the camera via 'Structure from Motion' Algorithm. See Software Overview. ### Modeling Module - Part Name: Apple Vision pro - Part #:N/A - Protocol: N/A - Purpose of Part: Communicates with Mac, which is communicating with Jetson. Project 3D reconstruction of tumor detection/biological information via head-mounted display through augmented reality. This will be done using Apple’s proprietary VisionPro platform as well as SwiftUI and ARKit frameworks. ## Hardware Components Explain what the subsystem does. Explicitly list what sensors/components you will use in this subsystem. Include part numbers. We look to replicate a similar hardware setup to the parent study of this project. In this, we will work closely with Professor Gruev to ensure a feasible approach to the hardware system. Software Overview: For 3D models to be useful in a surgical scenario, we need the reconstruction to have high levels of detail. For this, we prioritize detail over real-time analysis, and look to implement an open source Structure from Motion algorithm. To further improve upon existing algorithms, we intend to fuse IMU data to eliminate the need to estimate camera pose. We believe this will improve the accuracy of our 3D models. Existing work has shown that implementing IMU within SFM is not only feasible but improves the robustness of 3D models for small objects. In this work, we look to follow a similar approach to existing literature. # Criterion For Success Describe high-level goals that your project needs to achieve to be effective. These goals need to be clearly testable and not subjective. This project can be separated into goals for 3 stages. Hardware: 3D Print a casing, allowing for adjustment of beam splitter distance to image sensors assemble all electrical components correctly Successfully integrate IMU with PCB Software Receive and validate all data on NVIDIA Jetson RGB Data NIR Data IMU Data Filter RGB images by using NIR region of interest Set up and run open SFM software on NVIDIA Improve SFM model with IMU Perform optimal frame selection using IMU Augmented/Virtual Reality Establish communication between Jetson and Vision Pro Set up pass through mode on Vision Pro, with NIR tumor highlighting View 3D SFM Point Cloud on Vision Pro Interact with Point Cloud on Vision Pro Each bullet here is a goal that we would like to achieve over the course of the semester. Given the difficulty of the task, we plan on utilizing the IMU to improve SFM as a final step, after the pipeline to the Vision Pro has been completed.
70	SnapLog Camera Necklace	Fei He Shuai Huang Tianshu Wei	Abhisheka Mathur Sekar	Viktor Gruev	design_document1.pdf final_paper1.pdf photo1.jpg photo2.png photo3.png presentation1.pdf proposal2.pdf
	## Team members - Tianshu Wei (tw27) - Fei He (xh40) - Shuai Huang (shuaih4) # Problem Let's face it: recording your daily activity is hard. When I grew up as a kid, I hate those homework, you know, that asks you to describe what you have done during a day. I think it is such a repetitive, exhausting, and boring work. It takes so much of my precious time to be better wasted somewhere else. # Solution SnapLog is a camera that you can wear on your neck that is lightweight, versatile, and good looking. The device is designed to create a timelapse of your daily activities. To do so, the camera will take a photo in a interval of a few minutes, and sends it over to your phone wirelessly. The phone app will compile them into a video and encode it at the end of the day. # Solution Components ## Subsystem 1 Communication: This part of the system communicates with the phone software that transfers the image captured by the camera. ## Subsystem 2 Imaging: This part of the system communicates with the camera module and captures images. It also applies algorithms to enhance the photo if necessory. ## Subsystem 3 Sensing: This part of the system determines when it is the best opportunity to take the photo or adjust the photo based on lighting and environment conditions. It also include component such as RTC to remember time and send wake signals. ## Subsystem 4 Power: This part of the system controls the power sent to the rest of the system. It handles battery charging and protection, sleep, and power sequencing to different modules. ## Subsystem 5 Phone software: this part of the system runs on a smartphone of the user that handles the video production or photo storage. It communicates with the camera to receive the photo. # Criterion For Success - The device is capable of automatically capturing image every few minutes. - The device is capable of power management. - The device is capable of wirelessly transfering files to a smartphone. - The mobile software is able to create a video using data from the camera device. - The device is under 50g. - The device's main controller is capable of sleeping and has a net power consumption lower than when running normally during a period of time. - The device uses a microcontroller. - We designed the PCB and produced it.
71	Automatic Puzzle Solver	Alex Kim Conor Devlin Eric Chen	Angquan Yu	Viktor Gruev	design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf other1.zip photo1.jpeg photo2.jpeg presentation1.pptx proposal2.pdf
	# Automatic Puzzle Solver for Accessibility and User Convenience Team Members: - Eric Chen (egchen2) - Alex Kim (alexk4) - Conor Devlin (conorbd2) # Problem Jigsaw puzzles remain a popular pastime, offering enjoyment and cognitive benefits. However, manual assembly can be challenging for individuals with motor skill limitations, visual impairments, or limited attention spans. Existing automated solutions are often expensive, complex, or limited in puzzle sizes and complexities. This project addresses the need for an accessible and user-friendly automatic jigsaw puzzle solver. Our solution aims to empower individuals of all abilities to enjoy the benefits of puzzle solving while reducing frustration and increasing user satisfaction. # Solution This project will deliver an accessible and user-friendly solution to enhance the puzzle-solving experience for individuals of all abilities. We propose an innovative Automatic Jigsaw Puzzle Solver equipped with a precision-controlled robotic arm and computer vision system. # Solution Components ## 3D Movement System Function: Precisely position the robotic arm above puzzle pieces. Components: - Stepper motors (e.g., Nema 17 series) with high torque and speed for accurate movement. - Belt/pulley system or leadscrew system for linear motion on X and Y axes. - End-stop switches for precise positioning. ## Rotation System Function: Rotate puzzle pieces for proper orientation before pickup. Components: - Servo motor (e.g., MG996) with sufficient torque for desired rotation angle. - Gears/belt system for rotating a platform holding the puzzle piece. - Limit switch for accurate positioning at specific angles. ## Piece Picking System Function: Securely lift and place puzzle pieces without damage. Components: - Vacuum suction cup(s) with size and material suitable for puzzle pieces (e.g., foam or silicone). - Venturi vacuum generator with sufficient flow rate and pressure for suction. - Compressed air supply with regulator for controlling suction strength. ## Computer Vision System Function: Identify and locate puzzle pieces within the complete image. Components: - Camera sensor (e.g., ArduCam OV5642 or Olimex OV7670) with high resolution and auto-focus capability. - Microcontroller (e.g., Raspberry Pi Zero W, Raspberry Pi 3, STMicroelectronics STM32F103C8T6) for initial image processing and communication. - Processing Unit (e.g., dedicated AI accelerator or cloud-based processing) for intensive image analysis (optional). ## Control Software Function: Orchestrate the entire system, interpret vision data, and control robotic movements. Environment: Open-source libraries like OpenCV for image processing and Python for overall control. Modularity: Designed for easy maintenance and future improvements. # Criterion For Success - Camera Accuracy: 95% of puzzle pieces correctly identified and oriented within the complete image. - Arm Performance: 90% success rate in accurately picking and placing puzzle pieces. - Puzzle Completion Time: Solve a 100-piece puzzle of moderate complexity within 60 minutes.
72	Automatic Window/Blind Regulator	Austin Chong Mahdi Almosa Marco Oyarzun	Douglas Yu	Arne Fliflet	design_document1.pdf final_paper1.pdf presentation1.pptx proposal1.pdf proposal2.pdf
	Automatic Window/Blind Regulator Team Members: - aichong2 - oyarzun2 - malmosa2 # Problem Waking up in the morning could pose a difficult challenge, especially when the temperature is too hot/cold or there isn't enough natural light in the room. In order for most people to fall asleep, the thermostat mostly takes care of the regulating temperature and they keep the blinds shut, however, some people prefer natural air and lighting in their homes instead. This could be an annoyance when the windows and blinds need to be changed manually. # Solution Our solution is to make a fully automated window/blind regulating system that opens the window and blinds according to different environment conditions. The solution to wanted air could be an automated device that opens and closes the windows at the correct temperatures and interior air quality levels. There would also be an additional security component that uses an outside-facing camera that tells the system to close the window if a security threat is detected or if the weather is poor (rain/snow). Also, if the air quality is low (smoke/pollution), the window would close in accordance with that. Conversely, if the air quality is poor inside then the window would open to allow fresh air to enter. Air quality and weather conditions would be updated in real time via the internet. According to the reading of the thermostat, the windows could be opened/closed in order to have a good temperature regulation in the room. Additionally, the blinds could open at sunrise and close at sunset or do both as custom times. # Solution Components ## Subsystem 1 # Power supply system The system will need varying levels of voltage, so either a wall outlet or battery can provide power that is then converted to DC to power the digital components. # Opening mechanism The system will need servos to open the window and blinds. This subsystem will receive signals from the microcontroller unit to determine when and how much to open the window or blinds. # Control unit This is where the microcontroller will operate. It will take input data from the temperature, air quality, and weather conditions (as well as current time) and move the servos accordingly. # Criterion For Success The first goal for this project would be to be able to open/close certain windows and blinds. There are a variety of windows that have different manual functions, some having a pulling system where others have to pull and lock. This would be the first challenge and most likely the most difficult milestone. The next goal would be to connect the window regulator to a thermostat, to the internet, and to temperature and air quality sensors, in order to detect when to open/close the windows appropriately. Another goal would be to have the blinds open or close at specific times, mainly before and after dark.
73	Occupancy Counter	Aryan Mathur Ashwin Provine Tanmay Kant	Jialiang Zhang	Jonathon Schuh	design_document1.pdf final_paper1.docx presentation1.pptx proposal1.pdf
	Team Members: Tanmay Kant (tkant2) Ashwin Provine (provine4) Aryan Mathur (aryanm6) PROBLEM In large building environments, managing energy consumption efficiently, particularly for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, presents a significant challenge. HVAC systems often operate on a fixed schedule, with little regard for the actual occupancy of a space, leading to unnecessary energy use and increased operational costs. This inefficiency is especially pronounced in spaces like offices or small meeting rooms due to constant movement. The motivation for the occupancy counter project is to enable more intelligent and adaptive HVAC control by accurately tracking the number of people in a given space. Our experience in the ECE391 Lab (ECEB3026) was a perfect example of HVAC not recognizing the amount of students working late in the lab, with temperature fluctuating constantly. By aligning HVAC operations with real-time occupancy levels, this technology aims to significantly reduce energy consumption and operational costs for large buildings. Achieving precise occupancy counts allows for the HVAC system to adapt its output to the current need, ensuring that energy is not wasted heating, cooling, or ventilating spaces that are not in use or are only partially occupied. Additionally, this system supports a more sustainable approach to building management by reducing the carbon footprint associated with unnecessary energy use. SOLUTION Our project is an occupancy counter for rooms. It will utilize [a] Time of Flight Sensor Module(s) for the recognition of room occupants, where we will either use one module, splitting between two zones, or use two modules in order to determine whether the target is entering or exiting the room. The brains behind the sensor will be a WiFi-enabled Arduino Board that will decide the direction of the person’s transit, keeping track of how many people are present in the room. It will update a web interface that can be connected to by any user. The whole device will be powered by USB power brick(s). SOLUTION COMPONENTS Control Unit “The ESP8266 is a high-performance wireless SOC that offers maximum utility at the lowest cost and unlimited possibilities for embedding WiFi functionality into other systems.” This module will be the brain and mouth of our project, where data received will be broken down into a few key components, calculated, and sent out as a summary. The data will be analyzed to decide whether the target is moving from Zone 1 to Zone 2 or conversely. From there, the brain will add or subtract to the room count. Once this is complete, the data will be beamed via WiFi to a digital display (monitor, tablet, phone). Sensor(s) “The VL53L1X is a state-of-the-art, Time-of-Flight (ToF), laser-ranging sensor, enhancing the ST FlightSense™ product family. It is the fastest miniature ToF sensor on the market with accurate ranging up to 4 m and fast ranging frequency up to 50 Hz.” This module acts as the eyes for our project, where the timing of a person crossing the tracked region will be acted upon using a state machine to see the current status. For example: Entrance ----- Zone 1 ----- Zone 2 ----- Room Stat. A Stat. B Stat. C Stat. D When a person enters, their status will change from A, B, C, to D finally. Should they be exiting, their status will change from D, C, B, to A finally. If a person reaches a status of B or C, but does not continue their transit entering or exiting, respectively, we will not update the counter of the room since the occupancy has not changed. Power This is the simplest part of the build, where we will use a USB-enabled power brick to provide power to the modules and connect it through a slim and long USB cable. The power for the VL53L1X will be between 2.8V to 5.5V, with the voltage properly regulated by the sensor carrier board while the power for the ESP8266 will be a standard 3.3V input, both powered by DC current. CRITERION FOR SUCCESS Exactness/error of count: the count must be exact for up to six occupants, and correct within plus/minus of one person for up to twelve. Since this project is being used as a dependency for a much bigger system, precision and accuracy are important. The actual display should update between two to ten times per minute. This is to ensure that our count is considered live and makes an impact on the energy-saving and HVAC procedures that will ensue. Output data will be transferred via a wireless (WiFi) connection to a display. The sensor we are using has a built-in web interface that can be enabled during setup which will allow for universal access for users of the project.
74	Bike Theft Lock & Chain Detector	Jonathan Lee Natasha Sherlock Zhuoyuan Li	Tianxiang Zheng	Arne Fliflet	design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf proposal1.pdf proposal2.docx
	# BIKE THEFT LOCK & CHAIN DETECTOR (UPDATED) Team Members: - Natasha Sherlock (NNS5) - Jonathan Lee (JCL4) - Open Slot # PROBLEM In the Champaign-Urbana area, it is estimated that around 856-1070 bikes are stolen each year (bikelab.com), with most perpetrators going unapprehended and missing bikes seldom recovered. Bike theft often goes unnoticed, especially if the crime occurs at night or with few witnesses. # SOLUTION The proposed solution is a cable bike lock that detects when the cable is cut by passing current through the cable and building a sensor to detect an open circuit. When the cable is cut, our cameras positioned on the cable and bike will record images that may potentially identify the criminal. The cable will also send out a signal to an alarm, as well as relay all this information to the user via bluetooth/Wifi connection. # SOLUTION COMPONENTS ## SUBSYSTEM 1: OPEN CIRCUIT DETECTION This system will pass a small current through the cable, using the cable and analog components to create a circuit. When the cable gets cut, the circuit would open and this would send a signal to the microcontroller indicating that theft is taking place. ## SUBSYSTEM 2: IMAGE CAPTURING VIA CAMERA Once the microcontroller detects the open circuit, the camera modules connected to the microcontroller will take an image that the user will be able to receive via bluetooth connection, potentially providing key evidence to identify the perpetrator. ## SUBSYSTEM 3: SOUND ALARM When the inductance is changed, the microcontroller should send out a signal to electronic alarm devices to alert the user or anyone nearby to someone trying to cut through the cable. The user will then receive a notification on their phone with an option to turn off the alarm, or the alarm will sound for a set amount of time. # CRITERION FOR SUCCESS Our device will be able to: - Detect when the cable is cut - Send a signal to sound an alarm when the cable is cut - Take a picture as the theft is being attempted - Relay the images and alarm sounding to the user's phone
75	Improving upon ECEB Submetering	Aleksai Herrera Jonathan Izurieta Mike Lee	Sanjana Pingali	Jonathon Schuh	design_document2.pdf final_paper1.pdf other3.pdf other1.pdf other2.pdf proposal2.pdf video
	#ECEB SUBMETERING Team Members -Aleksai Herrera (aleksai2) -Jonathan Izurieta (jji11) -Mike Lee (dcl3) Our RFA is based on Prof. Schuh’s proposal for a 3-phase, 208V, 60Hz power meters that can be placed inside individual rooms for detailed power monitoring. #PROBLEM The ECEB is notably a net-zero energy facility, which is possible due to utilization of energy efficient methods such as the use of solar panels. We would like to be able to measure and share data collected from the energy generated by the solar panels in order to help track the efficiency and use of energy of the ECEB building. With regard to the ECEB submeter of previous semesters, we would like to improve upon the accuracy of the data recorded to yield more practical and useful results. #SOLUTION Our solution is to create power meters that can accurately measure power, voltage, and current of individual rooms within ECEB and be able to accurately get and store these data metrics as well as being able to display them to either an LCD or the TVs within the ECEB. We plan to improve upon many of the shortcomings the previous implementation faced. #SOLUTION COMPONENTS ##Subsystem 1: Power System This system is required for powering the IC's, microcontroller, and LCD along with any other components of our project. Chargeable Battery (5 to 10V) Linear Regulator (Buck Convertor) MC34063AP ##Subsystem 2: Sensor/Electricity measurements This system will allow the received AC signals to be changed into DC digital signals that the microcontroller can interact with. ADC converters for current and voltage MCP3008-I/P Voltage Transformer Voltage Divider Circuit Voltage Pull Up Current Transformer CTF-5RL-0400 Current Divider Circuit Current Pull Up ##Subsystem 3: Storing Information Our design intends to store information offline onto a SD card and onto an online server Microcontroller to Display and data recording System: ESP32 Microcontroller used to transmit recorded data offline to SD card and to online server. SD card module to interface SD card and ESP32 SD card to store data on A cost effective online server or database to store our data ##Subsystem 4: Visual display of our data This system allows us to display our data onto a screen to display to the viewer. Usbc to HDMI to display information on a TV LCD screen to display data onto #CRITERION FOR SUCCESS Be able to store our data offline on to SD card along with the date and time Be able to upload our data online every 15 minutes via wifi Be able to display data and waveform on LCD or TV Be able to measure Voltage, Current, Power, and other key data metrics (Power Factor, etc.)
76	Watt Balance	John Howard Julian O'Hern Justin Ansell	Abhisheka Mathur Sekar	Jonathon Schuh	design_document1.pdf final_paper2.pdf other2.jpeg other1.pdf photo1.jpeg proposal1.pdf proposal2.pdf
	# Watt Balance (Pitched Project) Team Members: - John Howard (johnlh3) - Justin Ansell (jansell2) - Julian O’Hern (johern2) # Problem In 2019, the universal kilogram standard was redefined from the physical definition based on a platinum-iridium alloy object to a relation to Plank’s constant. Researchers have developed a method of measuring mass in relation to the velocity and force of an induced field from the balance usually called a Watt or Kibble Balance.. A group of graduate researchers in the ABE department at UIUC made their own watt balance, but found their measurements are often off by up to 30%. They pitched a project hoping to find ways to improve the accuracy of the Watt Balance. # Solution To solve the problem of inaccurate results, we are proposing improvements to iterate on the current design. We plan to increase the accuracy of the sensors for current readings and velocity readings, reduce the friction from the fulcrum, and allow for better user control of the device through updated control software. We also plan to make the device as reliable as possible by shielding from external electromagnetic interference and ensuring that the voltage supply delivers a precise constant voltage. With these changes, we believe that we can significantly improve the accuracy of the mass readings of the balance. # Solution Components ## Velocity Measurement In order to properly calculate the mass on a Watt Balance, two measurements are needed: velocity and force. Velocity measurement entails calculating the movement of the scale, which will require a sensor to detect the rotational movement. This velocity is used in one half of calculating the mass of the object on the scale. ## Force Measurement Measuring the force requires applying a precise current to one coil, while measuring the resulting induced current in the other coil by the motion of the permanent magnet through it. This force is used in the other half of calculating the mass of the object on the scale. Combined with the velocity calculations, an accurate mass can be determined. ## Data Processing The method for processing data on the existing model is an Arduino with several breakout boards, which is not ideal for quickly gathering and processing the data required. Our plan is to create a custom PCB with all the necessary components to streamline the process of data collection, and improve the PID control. ## Balance Control and Display Currently the graphical interface for the display consists of a rudimentary program in MATLAB with the control buttons and data. Improving the GUI to both be able to see more in-depth information about the feedback from the scale, along with more sophisticated tuning methods that will help to more quickly debug and fix issues with the balance. # Criteria For Success Our device must: - Accurately determine the magnetic force generated by measuring the induced current in the coil - Accurately determine the rotational velocity of the balance by measuring the rotational position of the fulcrum. - Calculate and display the mass of the object placed on it - Allow for control and parameter modification from a computer application We have some stretch goals as well, such as auto-calibration given a known mass, but the items listed above are the minimum criteria for success.

Projects

Habit-Forming Toothbrush Stand

Featured Project

Project Videos