Project

# Title Team Members TA Documents Sponsor
81 Fire and Gas Detection with Real-Time LED Navigation
Abel Garcia
Alex Parafinczuk
Jainam Shah
Surya Vasanth design_document1.pdf
final_paper1.pdf
grading_sheet1.pdf
presentation1.pptx
proposal1.pdf
Team Members:
- Alex Parafinczuk (atp6)
- Abel Garcia (abelg3)
- Jainam Shah (jshah74)

# Problem

Commercial Smoke detectors in the market currently give users the ability to call first-responders immediately and play an alarm sound when there is a hazard present in one's home. Some smoke detectors come with the ability to connect with your phone via messages or mobile apps alerting the homeowner to potential hazards in their home. The issue with these types of smoke detectors is that help isn't immediate. Responders take a little while to reach home, and during this time if there was a way to help mitigate the effect of the hazard there could be a potential save in property and lives.

# Solution

With the use of sensors such as gas and temperature sensors, we will know right away when a hazard is detected. If the hazard detected is a gas such as methane, butane, an alarm will sound indicating that the family should leave and get emergency responders. If the detected hazard is a fire, we will have an app that will have your floorplan of the house as well as locations of where each sensor you placed around the house. With this information, an algorithm will run which will designate an exit route that can be taken for the family to escape. When the fire breaks out at a location, we will have bright LEDs on the smoke detectors which will light up in the direction you should take to exit the house safely based on the route given. At this time, we will close the vents around the hazardous areas in order to help weaken/prevent the growth of the fire in the house. In addition to this, since closing a vent doesn’t guarantee the power being off for an HVAC unit, to prevent any damage to the HVAC unit we will shut the HVAC unit.

# Solution Components

## Temperature/Gas Sensors Subsystem
Outside of the main smoke detection unit, we will have temperature sensors which will be placed in designated rooms in order to give our control unit relevant information about where the hazard has originated from. They will also contain the LEDs to lead inhabitants to the designated exit and alarms to notify them of any hazard detected.

- Temperature Sensors (LM335AH)

- MQ-9 Gas Sensors for Carbon Monoxide and Flammable Gasses

- Alarm on Board

- LEDs

## Vents Subsystem

This will be a motorized controlled vent that will open and shut depending on whether a fire hazard is detected.

- Stepper Motor to control the movement of the vent.

## Control

The control system will be in control of receiving data from the sensors. When a temperature sensor spikes up indicating a fire, the control will run the algorithm first and then send the signal to a set of leds for the optimal route to take for safety. In the case of a fire, a signal will be sent to shut all of the vents.

- ESP-32

## App Subsystem

This will be where the user sets the floor plan of their house. They will be able to designate all the rooms in the house, connections between rooms, as well as all possible exits in the house. This interface will communicate with the control unit giving it the information on where the sensors are located around the house.

- React Native Frontend

- Firebase Backend

## Power Subsystem

We will use batteries as our power source which will be situated in our central control unit. The batteries, with converters, will then power everything including the sensor system, the control system, and the motorized vents. A sensor will also be connected to check the remaining charge of the batteries, which will be sent to the app for the user to see when they need to be changed.

- Batteries

- Buck converters

# Criterion For Success

The following goals are fundamental to the success of our project:

- Most optimal path to safety is chosen for conditions involving fire.

- Other gasses found such as Carbon Monoxide and other flammable gasses will sound an alarm to notify residents to leave and get emergency services.

- LED’s light according to the path chosen by the control unit.

- All vents will close upon detecting a high temperature signaling a fire that has broken out.

- App successfully communicates with the phone and system to upload the floorplan.

The goals below are reach goals we will try to achieve if time allows:

- Vents will have more functionality and be able to keep designated exits clear of smoke.

- App will automatically call emergency services in the presence of life-threatening gas hazards.

- In the case of all primary exits being blocked, we would want the user to designate secondary exits such as windows as a last resort method for the algorithm to give.

Remotely Controlled Self-balancing Mini Bike

Will Chen, Eric Tang, Jiaming Xu

Featured Project

# Remotely Controlled Self-balancing Mini Bike

Team Members:

- Will Chen hongyuc5

- Jiaming Xu jx30

- Eric Tang leweit2

# Problem

Bike Share and scooter share have become more popular all over the world these years. This mode of travel is gradually gaining recognition and support. Champaign also has a company that provides this service called Veo. Short-distance traveling with shared bikes between school buildings and bus stops is convenient. However, since they will be randomly parked around the entire city when we need to use them, we often need to look for where the bike is parked and walk to the bike's location. Some of the potential solutions are not ideal, for example: collecting and redistributing all of the bikes once in a while is going to be costly and inefficient; using enough bikes to saturate the region is also very cost inefficient.

# Solution

We think the best way to solve the above problem is to create a self-balancing and moving bike, which users can call bikes to self-drive to their location. To make this solution possible we first need to design a bike that can self-balance. After that, we will add a remote control feature to control the bike movement. Considering the possibilities for demonstration are complicated for a real bike, we will design a scaled-down mini bicycle to apply our self-balancing and remote control functions.

# Solution Components

## Subsystem 1: Self-balancing part

The self-balancing subsystem is the most important component of this project: it will use one reaction wheel with a Brushless DC motor to balance the bike based on reading from the accelerometer.

MPU-6050 Accelerometer gyroscope sensor: it will measure the velocity, acceleration, orientation, and displacement of the object it attaches to, and, with this information, we could implement the corresponding control algorithm on the reaction wheel to balance the bike.

Brushless DC motor: it will be used to rotate the reaction wheel. BLDC motors tend to have better efficiency and speed control than other motors.

Reaction wheel: we will design the reaction wheel by ourselves in Solidworks, and ask the ECE machine shop to help us machine the metal part.

Battery: it will be used to power the BLDC motor for the reaction wheel, the stepper motor for steering, and another BLDC motor for movement. We are considering using an 11.1 Volt LiPo battery.

Processor: we will use STM32F103C8T6 as the brain for this project to complete the application of control algorithms and the coordination between various subsystems.

## Subsystem 2: Bike movement, steering, and remote control

This subsystem will accomplish bike movement and steering with remote control.

Servo motor for movement: it will be used to rotate one of the wheels to achieve bike movement. Servo motors tend to have better efficiency and speed control than other motors.

Stepper motor for steering: in general, stepper motors have better precision and provide higher torque at low speeds than other motors, which makes them perfect for steering the handlebar.

ESP32 2.4GHz Dual-Core WiFi Bluetooth Processor: it has both WiFi and Bluetooth connectivity so it could be used for receiving messages from remote controllers such as Xbox controllers or mobile phones.

## Subsystem 3: Bike structure design

We plan to design the bike frame structure with Solidworks and have it printed out with a 3D printer. At least one of our team members has previous experience in Solidworks and 3D printing, and we have access to a 3D printer.

3D Printed parts: we plan to use PETG material to print all the bike structure parts. PETG is known to be stronger, more durable, and more heat resistant than PLA.

PCB: The PCB will contain several parts mentioned above such as ESP32, MPU6050, STM32, motor driver chips, and other electronic components

## Bonus Subsystem4: Collision check and obstacle avoidance

To detect the obstacles, we are considering using ultrasonic sensors HC-SR04

or cameras such as the OV7725 Camera function with stm32 with an obstacle detection algorithm. Based on the messages received from these sensors, the bicycle could turn left or right to avoid.

# Criterion For Success

The bike could be self-balanced.

The bike could recover from small external disturbances and maintain self-balancing.

The bike movement and steering could be remotely controlled by the user.

Project Videos