Project

# Title Team Members TA Documents Sponsor
47 Pitched Project (Professor Manuel Hernandez): Smart Cognitive-Motor Rehabilitation Mat for Remote Exercise Monitoring
 Adithya Balaji
Jashan Virdi
Scott Lopez
 Michael Gamota design_document1.pdf
final_paper1.pdf
grading_sheet1.pdf
presentation1.pptx
proposal1.pdf
video
Team Members:
- Adithya Balaji (abalaji5)
- Scott Lopez (slope22)
- Jashan Virdi (jvird2)

# Problem
Many older adults don’t have access to rehabilitation for Multiple Sclerosis compared to people of younger age groups. During the previous semester a group was able to create a prototype for a square stepping mat that provides useful feedback to a user in order to aid in rehabilitation; however, this prototype has some flaws that need to be addressed such as the (1) voltage from each square is interfering with others which reduces the accuracy of step detection and for (2) computers needing a USB connection for data transfer which reduces the portability of the mat.

# Solution
Our project proposes to enhance the existing rehabilitation mat by focusing on two key areas:
Optimizing and increasing step detection accuracy through improved sensor integration and signal processing.
Developing a wireless, low-power system for operation, using relevant communication protocols and energy-efficient components.
# Solution Components

## Sensing Subsystem
Pressure-sensitive sensors (e.g., Velostat-based) for detecting step position and timing.
The main work here will be to iterate on and develop signal conditioning circuitry for improved step detection accuracy. Additionally, an area of research will be to explore the usage of materials other than copper strips to prevent voltages from each square interfering with other squares.

## Microcontroller subsystem
Microcontroller (ESP32-S2-mini-1) to manage sensor data and process step events. This specific microprocessor is used because it has an integrated WiFi antenna for WiFi communications with mobile devices. The microprocessor enables real-time control of visual and auditory feedback for the user.

## Power Management subsystem
The power management subsystem will send and regulate power to the microcontroller and sensing subsystems, and the LEDs on the mat.

## Wireless Communication Subsystem
Integration of Wi-Fi or Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) module for wireless data transmission.
Low-latency data transfer protocol for real-time communication. Currently, they have data transfer locally using LAN but using wired connections, which is why we will be introducing BLE to reduce wired connections and improve portability.

## Custom PCB
Custom PCB integrating the microcontroller, sensor interfaces, and power management circuits to ensure compact and reliable operation. The main focus here will be to accommodate the wireless module that will be implemented for this project.

# Criterion For Success
Achieve a step detection accuracy of at least 95% (larger than previous prototype aim of 90%), taking into account unexpected variances due to variations in step styles and uneven pressure applications on the mat
Wireless communication module with low latency for remote operation to eliminate the need for wired data transfer
Successful data processing and feedback delivery from the smart mat during cognitive-motor exercise routines

Schnorr Protocol Key Fob

Michael Gamota, Vasav Nair, Pedro Ocampo

Featured Project

# Schnorr Identification Protocol Key Fob

Team Members:

- Michael Gamota (mgamota2)

- Vasav Nair (vasavbn2)

- Pedro Ocampo (pocamp3)

# Problem

Current car fobs are susceptible to different types of attacks. Rolling jam attacks are one of such attacks where an attacker jams and stores a valid "unlock" signal for later. Cars with passive keys/cards can be stolen using relay attacks. Since a car can be the most expensive item someone owns, it is unreasonable to allow people to steal them so discreetly by hacking the fob/lock combo.

# Solution

By leveraging public key cryptography, specifically the Schnorr identification protocol, it is possible to create a key fob which is not susceptible to either attack (rolling jam and relay) and also gives no information about the private key of the fob if the signal were to be intercepted.

# Solution Components

# Key Fob

## Subsystem 1

Random number generation - We will use a transistor circuit to generate random numbers. This is required by the Schnorr protocol to ensure security.

## Subsystem 2

Microcontroller - The MCU will run all the computation to calculate the messages. We will likely use an ATtiny MCU so we can use the Arduino IDE for programming. However, some group members have experience with the STM32 family so that is another option.

## Subsystem 3

Power - We plan on using either a 5V battery or 3.3V battery with a boost converter to power the fob.

## Subsystem 4

Wireless Communication - We plan on using the 315 MHz frequency band which is currently used by some car fobs. We will need a transmitter and receiver, since the protocol is interactive.

# Lock

## Subsystem 1

Random number generation - We will use a transistor circuit to generate random numbers. This is required by the Schnorr protocol to ensure security.

## Subsystem 2

Microcontroller - This MCU will also run all the computation to calculate the messages. We will likely use an ATtiny MCU so we can use the Arduino IDE for programming. However, some group members have experience with the STM32 family so that is another option. This MCU will need to have PWM output to control the lock.

## Subsystem 3

Linear Actuator - We plan on using a linear actuator as a deadbolt lock for demonstration purposes.

## Subsystem 4

Wireless Communication - We plan on using the 315 MHz frequency band which is currently used by some car fobs. We will need a transmitter and receiver, since the protocol is interactive.

## Subsystem 5

Power - This subsystem will also likely require 5V, but power sourcing is not an issue since this system would be connected to the car battery. During a demo I would be acceptable to have this plugged into a power supply or a barrel jack connector from an AC-DC converter.

# Criterion For Success

Describe high-level goals that your project needs to achieve to be effective. These goals need to be clearly testable and not subjective.

Our first criteria for success is a reasonably sized fob. There is some concern about the power storage and consumption of the fob.

The next criteria for success is communication between the fob and the lock. This will be the first milestone in our design. We will need to have a message sent from one MCU that is properly received by the other, we can determine this in the debug terminal.

Once we are sure that we can communicate between the fob and the lock, we will implement the Schnorr protocol on the two systems, where the fob will act as the prover and the lock as the verifier. If the Schnorr signature implementation is correct, then we will always be able to unlock the lock using the fob whose public key is associated with full privileges.

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