Project

# Title Team Members TA Documents Sponsor
47 Virtual Cycling Reality (VCR)
Area Award: Entertainment
 Bryant Johnson
Chongxin Luo
Gregory Knox
 Luke Wendt design_document0.pdf
final_paper0.pdf
other0.pdf
other0.pptx
presentation0.pptx
proposal0.pdf
video
Our group project is to create an immersive virtual reality biking experience. We hope that our design will appeal to individuals who enjoy biking, but are unable to travel and experience biking in exotic locations and also encourage a healthier lifestyle.

The project involves integrating sensors onto a bike that rests on a stationary indoor bike stand. There will be sensors on the bike to collect information on the motions and actions. The capabilities that we seek to implement, are as following:
- IR sensors mounted on the rear wheel, with eight IR reflecting tapes installed on the wheel spokes equidistantly. The frequency of the IR signal spikes will be used to calculate the speed of the bike, the change in frequency giving us acceleration and deceleration.
- Motion sensors mounted on the stem of the bike, which are used to detect any physical turning of the bike handles and then enact the turn in the simulation. The handles will be disconnected from the front wheel, and the front wheel will be held stationary on the ground.
A physical damping system will be added on the rear wheel which is controlled by a microprocessor. The damping will be adjusted according to the environment in the virtual reality.
A fan will be physically mounted in front of user, the speed of the fan will be controlled by the speed of bike, which gives a realistic biking experience to the user.

In case we are unable to obtain an Oculus Rift DK2, the software implementation will be done without the support of DK2. The demo can be done by showing the experience on a computer screen, which will have less of an immersive experience, but all the concepts will still apply.

Team

Bryant Johnson (bhjhnsn2)
Gregory Knox (gaknox2)
Chongxin Luo (cluo5)

Schnorr Protocol Key Fob

Michael Gamota, Vasav Nair, Pedro Ocampo

Featured Project

# Schnorr Identification Protocol Key Fob

Team Members:

- Michael Gamota (mgamota2)

- Vasav Nair (vasavbn2)

- Pedro Ocampo (pocamp3)

# Problem

Current car fobs are susceptible to different types of attacks. Rolling jam attacks are one of such attacks where an attacker jams and stores a valid "unlock" signal for later. Cars with passive keys/cards can be stolen using relay attacks. Since a car can be the most expensive item someone owns, it is unreasonable to allow people to steal them so discreetly by hacking the fob/lock combo.

# Solution

By leveraging public key cryptography, specifically the Schnorr identification protocol, it is possible to create a key fob which is not susceptible to either attack (rolling jam and relay) and also gives no information about the private key of the fob if the signal were to be intercepted.

# Solution Components

# Key Fob

## Subsystem 1

Random number generation - We will use a transistor circuit to generate random numbers. This is required by the Schnorr protocol to ensure security.

## Subsystem 2

Microcontroller - The MCU will run all the computation to calculate the messages. We will likely use an ATtiny MCU so we can use the Arduino IDE for programming. However, some group members have experience with the STM32 family so that is another option.

## Subsystem 3

Power - We plan on using either a 5V battery or 3.3V battery with a boost converter to power the fob.

## Subsystem 4

Wireless Communication - We plan on using the 315 MHz frequency band which is currently used by some car fobs. We will need a transmitter and receiver, since the protocol is interactive.

# Lock

## Subsystem 1

Random number generation - We will use a transistor circuit to generate random numbers. This is required by the Schnorr protocol to ensure security.

## Subsystem 2

Microcontroller - This MCU will also run all the computation to calculate the messages. We will likely use an ATtiny MCU so we can use the Arduino IDE for programming. However, some group members have experience with the STM32 family so that is another option. This MCU will need to have PWM output to control the lock.

## Subsystem 3

Linear Actuator - We plan on using a linear actuator as a deadbolt lock for demonstration purposes.

## Subsystem 4

Wireless Communication - We plan on using the 315 MHz frequency band which is currently used by some car fobs. We will need a transmitter and receiver, since the protocol is interactive.

## Subsystem 5

Power - This subsystem will also likely require 5V, but power sourcing is not an issue since this system would be connected to the car battery. During a demo I would be acceptable to have this plugged into a power supply or a barrel jack connector from an AC-DC converter.

# Criterion For Success

Describe high-level goals that your project needs to achieve to be effective. These goals need to be clearly testable and not subjective.

Our first criteria for success is a reasonably sized fob. There is some concern about the power storage and consumption of the fob.

The next criteria for success is communication between the fob and the lock. This will be the first milestone in our design. We will need to have a message sent from one MCU that is properly received by the other, we can determine this in the debug terminal.

Once we are sure that we can communicate between the fob and the lock, we will implement the Schnorr protocol on the two systems, where the fob will act as the prover and the lock as the verifier. If the Schnorr signature implementation is correct, then we will always be able to unlock the lock using the fob whose public key is associated with full privileges.

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