Project

# Title Team Members TA Documents Sponsor
28 Ant-Weight Battle Bot Proposal
Danilo Markus
Matia Choi
Nikola Plavsic
Shengkun Cui
# Ant-Weight Battle Bot Proposal

Team Members:
- Matia Choi (hyunwoo6)
- Nikola Plavsic (plavsic2)
- Danilo Markus (dmarkus2)

# Problem

This is our team's entry in the Fall 2026 ECE 445 Battlebots competition (Prof. Viktor Gruev): a bracket tournament of sub-2 lb, fully 3D-printed combat robots.
Requirements involve wireless link to a laptop for control and judged on agility, control, and damage. Every entrant is required to carry a custom PCB with an MCU, wireless control, and motor drive. This year every robot must stream a live camera feed and time-of-flight range data to the driver's laptop, rendered live in the driver interface rather than only logged. Our team is entering on the camera-and-ToF track rather than the competition's alternative custom-weapon-ESC track.

# Solution

We will build the robot's custom PCB around an ESP32-S3 that captures JPEG video from an onboard camera and range data from four perimeter time-of-flight sensors, streams both live over WiFi to the driver station, and executes drive and weapon commands sent back over the same link. Range rings are drawn directly on the live video in the driver UI. The chassis is 3D-printed in PETG rather than PLA or ABS; PETG should give the combination of rigidity and flexibility that we need. The fighting tool is a horizontal spinning disc driven directly off a BLDC motor shaft through a commercial ESC. The system divides into four subsystems: camera streaming, time-of-flight ranging, weapon and drive, and power.

## Subsystem 1: Camera Streaming

- MCU: ESP32-S3-WROOM-1
- Camera: OV5640 5MP module over the ESP32-S3's DVP interface (OV7251 as a fallback if arena lighting causes motion blur since it has a global shutter).
- Firmware captures frames, hardware JPEG-encodes, and streams 640×480 at 20–30 fps directly into a WiFi socket to the driver UI.

## Subsystem 2: Time-of-Flight Ranging

- Hardware: four VL53L1X single-zone ToF sensors, mounted front/rear/left/right on the chassis perimeter, sharing one I²C bus.
- Firmware sequences each sensor's XSHUT pin at boot to reassign I²C addresses off the shared default (0x29), polls all four continuously, and pushes ranges to the driver UI as a proximity ring over the live video.

## Subsystem 3: Weapon and Drive

- Weapon: a horizontal spinning disc keyed directly to a BLDC outrunner motor shaft (KV and disc mass/diameter subject to change, selected once the chassis weight budget is finalized), spun up through a commercial brushless ESC taking a PWM command from the MCU
- Drive: TB6612FNG dual H-bridge driving two brushed drive gearmotors to create a differential drive. Controlled directly from MCU PWM+direction pins.
- Safety: a link-loss watchdog opens a MOSFET in the shared motor power path (weapon + drive) within 500ms of losing the WiFi control link, independent of firmware state, plus a manual E-stop through the same cutoff; firmware holds the weapon ESC in a zero-command disarmed state except during a match.

## Subsystem 4: Power

- 2S LiPo pack sized to the 2 lb weight budget, feeding motors directly and, through an AP2112K-3.3 and TLV70033, regulated 3.3V/5V rails for the MCU, camera, and ToF array.
- Pack capacity subject to change; selected once total system current draw is measured on the assembled board.

# Criterion For Success

1. Camera subsystem streams 640×480 JPEG at 20–30 fps sustained for a full 2-minute match with the overlay
2. All four VL53L1X sensors correctly re-addressed and readable over I²C on consecutive power-on cycles; reported range consistent with physical measurement.
3. All motor power cuts within 500ms of an induced WiFi disconnect, and confirm ability to re arm.
4. Functional weapon to defeat enemy teams.
5. Total robot mass, including battery, under 2 lb as weighed at inspection.

Electronic Mouse (Cat Toy)

Jack Casey, Chuangy Zhang, Yingyu Zhang

Electronic Mouse (Cat Toy)

Featured Project

# Electronic Mouse (Cat Toy)

# Team Members:

- Yingyu Zhang (yzhan290)

- Chuangy Zhang (czhan30)

- Jack (John) Casey (jpcasey2)

# Problem Components:

Keeping up with the high energy drive of some cats can often be overwhelming for owners who often choose these pets because of their low maintenance compared to other animals. There is an increasing number of cats being used for service and emotional support animals, and with this, there is a need for an interactive cat toy with greater accessibility.

1. Get cats the enrichment they need

1. Get cats to chase the “mouse” around

1. Get cats fascinated by the “mouse”

1. Keep cats busy

1. Fulfill the need for cats’ hunting behaviors

1. Interactive fun between the cat and cat owner

1. Solve the shortcomings of electronic-remote-control-mouses that are out in the market

## Comparison with existing products

- Hexbug Mouse Robotic Cat Toy: Battery endurance is very low; For hard floors only

- GiGwi Interactive Cat Toy Mouse: Does not work on the carpet; Not sensitive to cat touch; Battery endurance is very low; Can't control remotely

# Solution

A remote-controlled cat toy is a solution that allows more cat owners to get interactive playtime with their pets. With our design, there will be no need to get low to the ground to adjust it often as it will go over most floor surfaces and in any direction with help from a strong motor and servos that won’t break from wall or cat impact. To prevent damage to household objects it will have IR sensors and accelerometers for use in self-driving modes. The toy will be run and powered by a Bluetooth microcontroller and a strong rechargeable battery to ensure playtime for hours.

## Subsystem 1 - Infrared(IR) Sensors & Accelerometer sensor

- IR sensors work with radar technology and they both emit and receive Infrared radiation. This kind of sensor has been used widely to detect nearby objects. We will use the IR sensors to detect if the mouse is surrounded by any obstacles.

- An accelerometer sensor measures the acceleration of any object in its rest frame. This kind of sensor has been used widely to capture the intensity of physical activities. We will use this sensor to detect if cats are playing with the mouse.

## Subsystem 2 - Microcontroller(ESP32)

- ESP32 is a dual-core microcontroller with integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. This MCU has 520 KB of SRAM, 34 programmable GPIOs, 802.11 Wi-Fi, Bluetooth v4.2, and much more. This powerful microcontroller enables us to develop more powerful software and hardware and provides a lot of flexibility compared to ATMegaxxx.

Components(TBD):

- Product: [https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/espressif-systems/ESP32-WROOM-32/8544298](url)

- Datasheet: [http://esp32.net](url)

## Subsystem 3 - App

- We will develop an App that can remotely control the mouse.

1. Control the mouse to either move forward, backward, left, or right.

1. Turn on / off / flashing the LED eyes of the mouse

1. keep the cat owner informed about the battery level of the mouse

1. Change “modes”: (a). keep running randomly without stopping; (b). the cat activates the mouse; (c). runs in cycles(runs, stops, runs, stops…) intermittently (mouse hesitates to get cat’s curiosity up); (d). Turn OFF (completely)

## Subsystem 4 - Motors and Servo

- To enable maneuverability in all directions, we are planning to use 1 servo and 2 motors to drive the robotic mouse. The servo is used to control the direction of the mouse. Wheels will be directly mounted onto motors via hubs.

Components(TBD):

- Metal Gear Motors: [https://www.adafruit.com/product/3802](url)

- L9110H H-Bridge Motor Driver: [https://www.adafruit.com/product/4489](url)

## Subsystem 5 - Power Management

- We are planning to use a high capacity (5 Ah - 10 Ah), 3.7 volts lithium polymer battery to enable the long-last usage of the robotic mouse. Also, we are using the USB lithium polymer ion charging circuit to charge the battery.

Components(TBD):

- Lithium Polymer Ion Battery: [https://www.adafruit.com/product/5035](url)

- USB Lithium Polymer Ion Charger: [https://www.adafruit.com/product/259](url)

# Criterion for Success

1. Can go on tile, wood, AND carpet and alternate

1. Has a charge that lasts more than 10 min

1. Is maneuverable in all directions(not just forward and backward)

1. Can be controlled via remote (App)

1. Has a “cat-attractor”(feathers, string, ribbon, inner catnip, etc.) either attached to it or drags it behind (attractive appearance for cats)

1. Retains signal for at least 15 ft away

1. Eyes flash

1. Goes dormant when caught/touched by the cats (or when it bumps into something), reactivates (and changes direction) after a certain amount of time

1. all the “modes” worked as intended

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