Project

# Title Team Members TA Documents Sponsor
68 Insole Pressure Sensing System for Running
Aarush Sivanesan
Joseph Casino
Matthew Weng
Xiaodong Ye proposal1.pdf
Members:
Joseph Casino (jcasino2)
Aarush Sivanesan (aarush2)
Matthew Weng (mw87)

# Problem
Runners often develop injuries or inefficient running form due to high impact forces, poor foot-strike mechanics (heel vs midfoot), asymmetrical loading, or inconsistent cadence. Most runners do not have an easy way to measure how their foot actually loads the ground over time, since gait labs and force-sensing soles are expensive and geared towards physical therapy, research, or professional athletics. Existing consumer wearables estimate cadence using wrist/hip motion, but do not directly measure foot-ground pressure/impact. There is a need for a low-profile, shoe-integrated system that can quantify foot impact and pressure distribution during real runs while remaining comfortable, lightweight, and accessible to everyday runners.

# Solution
We propose a thin-film pressure sensor insole system for running shoes that measures the force applied by the foot to the ground throughout each stride. A flexible sensor array embedded on top of the shoe foam (or placed under the insole) will capture pressure through the foot’s main contact points (forefoot, heel, and midfoot). A small electronics module will attach to the shoe heel or tongue and contain MCU, battery, and Bluetooth modules. The MCU will sample the pressure sensors, detect foot-strike events, and compute basic metrics such as step count, cadence, contact time, and estimated distance (using cadence/stride-length calibration and optional IMU/GPS data). Data will be streamed over Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to a phone for visualization, logging, and further analysis.

# Solution Components

**Subsystem 1: Thin-Film Pressure Sensor Insole Array**

This subsystem senses foot pressure at key regions of the shoe to capture impact patterns and pressure distribution during stance. The sensor insole would fit either on top or bottom of the foam insole of the shoe.

Components:
- Thin-film force sensors (multiple locations): Interlink Electronics FSR 402
- Flexible interconnect/cabling: FFC/FPC cable (0.5 mm pitch) (generic)
- Connector (board-side): Molex 503480-0490 (4-pos FFC/FPC connector) (size can be adjusted based on channel count)

**Subsystem 2: Analog Front-End + ADC Data Acquisition**

This subsystem converts each sensor data to data that can be read to the MCU. To sample all the sensors on the foot, we sample between all the sensors with a MUX. We then properly filter and amplify the data from the sensor through the op-amp. This data then gets digitized through an ADC.

Components:
- 16-bit ADC: MCP3425A0T-E/CH
- Analog multiplexer: CD74HC4067SM96
- Op-amp: TLV9062IDR

**Subsystem 3: Microcontroller + BLE Wireless Telemetry**

This subsystem houses our MCU which will control sampling,collect data, timestamp data, and transmit results via BLE.

Components:
- MCU module: ESP32-C3-WROOM-02
- Programming/debug interface: Tag-Connect TC2030-IDC

**Subsystem 4: Optional Motion Sensing (IMU)**

This extra subsystem provides accelerometer/gyro data to gather speed data, estimate and improve stride data and length, and improve cadence robustness when the pressure signals are noisy.

Components:
- 6-axis IMU: ST LSM6DSOXTR or equivalent

**Subsystem 5: Power Management + Charging**

This subsystem powers the in-shoe electronics safely and supports rechargeable operation if applicable. The design regulates battery voltage to stable rails for the MCU and sensors. We have a wide range of batteries that we would like to work with initially to weigh out the pros and cons of each.

Components:

Battery options:
- 3.7V Li-Po (300–500 mAh)
- 3V Coin Battery
- AAA Alkaline Battery
- BMS IC for Li-Po : MCP73831T-2ACI/OT
- 3.3V regulator : MCP1700T-3302E/TT

**Subsystem 6: Phone Interface / Data Visualization**

This subsystem provides the wireless interface between the device and a smartphone or website which displays metrics to the runner and logs sessions. Initial versions can use a simple BLE GATT service viewed in a standard BLE app; a custom website or phone UI can be added if time permits.

Components:
- BLE GATT profile (firmware-defined)
- Prototype viewer: nRF Connect app or alternative

# Criterion For Success

Efficiency: The system shall sample plantar pressure sensor data at a minimum rate of 100 Hz and transmit the data over Bluetooth Low Energy with no more than 5% packet loss during continuous operation.

Accuracy: The system shall detect foot-strike events and report running cadence with an accuracy of ±3 BPM compared to a stopwatch or smartwatch reference over a controlled running trial.

Continuity/Longevity: The device shall operate continuously for at least 1 hour on battery power while performing active sensing and BLE data streaming.

Autonomous Sailboat

Riley Baker, Arthur Liang, Lorenzo Rodriguez Perez

Autonomous Sailboat

Featured Project

# Autonomous Sailboat

Team Members:

- Riley Baker (rileymb3)

- Lorenzo Pérez (lr12)

- Arthur Liang (chianl2)

# Problem

WRSC (World Robotic Sailing Championship) is an autonomous sailing competition that aims at stimulating the development of autonomous marine robotics. In order to make autonomous sailing more accessible, some scholars have created a generic educational design. However, these models utilize expensive and scarce autopilot systems such as the Pixhawk Flight controller.

# Solution

The goal of this project is to make an affordable, user- friendly RC sailboat that can be used as a means of learning autonomous sailing on a smaller scale. The Autonomous Sailboat will have dual mode capability, allowing the operator to switch from manual to autonomous mode where the boat will maintain its current compass heading. The boat will transmit its sensor data back to base where the operator can use it to better the autonomous mode capability and keep track of the boat’s position in the water. Amateur sailors will benefit from the “return to base” functionality provided by the autonomous system.

# Solution Components

## On-board

### Sensors

Pixhawk - Connect GPS and compass sensors to microcontroller that allows for a stable state system within the autonomous mode. A shaft decoder that serves as a wind vane sensor that we plan to attach to the head of the mast to detect wind direction and speed. A compass/accelerometer sensor and GPS to detect the position of the boat and direction of travel.

### Actuators

2 servos - one winch servo that controls the orientation of the mainsail and one that controls that orientation of the rudder

### Communication devices

5 channel 2.4 GHz receiver - A receiver that will be used to select autonomous or manual mode and will trigger orders when in manual mode.

5 channel 2.4 GHz transmitter - A transmitter that will have the ability to switch between autonomous and manual mode. It will also transfer servos movements when in manual mode.

### Power

LiPo battery

## Ground control

Microcontroller - A microcontroller that records sensor output and servo settings for radio control and autonomous modes. Software on microcontroller processes the sensor input and determines the optimum rudder and sail winch servo settings needed to maintain a prescribed course for the given wind direction.

# Criterion For Success

1. Implement dual mode capability

2. Boat can maintain a given compass heading after being switched to autonomous mode and incorporates a “return to base” feature that returns the sailboat back to its starting position

3. Boat can record and transmit servo, sensor, and position data back to base

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