Project

# Title Team Members TA Documents Sponsor
11 Cat Laser Tower
 Elisabeth Tricou
Nour Sarikaya
Victor Liu
 Jialiang Zhang design_document2.pdf
final_paper1.pdf
photo2.jpeg
photo3.jpeg
photo1.jpg
presentation1.pptx
proposal2.pdf
video1.mp4
# PROBLEM
Cat owners are sometimes busy or out of the house, and cats need stimulation. An automatic toy that interacts with them would be a useful way to keep them active in a safe and healthy way.

# SOLUTION OVERVIEW
Our solution for this is to construct a scratching pole mounted automatic laser toy that will use extra sensors ,signal processing, and programming to allow the cat toy to avoid furniture, and to react to the cat and allow it to catch the dot. This will require a distance measuring laser, and a motion sensor.

# SOLUTION COMPONENTS

## SENSOR SUBSYSTEM
- The first sensor is a laser that measures distance. This needs to be incorporated into the laser mount in close parallel with a pet safe laser. The distance laser will be used during set-up of the toy, and will map out the play space to create a logical map of where the furniture is based on reference and boundary points on the floor input by the user.

- The second sensor is a motion sensor that is set to detect when the cat is moving in front of the laser toy. This will be mounted in the base of the scratching post allows the toy to react to the cat chasing the toy laser.

- There is a pressure sensor that will exist within the scratching post that can turn the laser pointer on when the cat scratches the post.

## ACTUATORS
- The motion of the laser toy will require a spherical joint that can move at a reasonable speed. The joint will need to be able to mount input and output of the distance sensor, the pet safe laser.

- The motion sensor will need to be able to be adjusted to point in the center of the designated play space.

## CONTROL SYSTEM
- The system will be controlled by a microcontroller interfaced with the user interface.

## USER INTERFACE
- Input to the system will be taken via manual buttons on the base of the device. The control will have an up, down, left, right, and select arrows.

- A small hex based LED screen will allow for the user to set time, and indicate during which times it should be active.

## POWER
- The device will be battery powered.

# CRITERION FOR SUCCESS
Our solution can map out a room and determine where the furniture is, and successfully avoid the furniture, as well as react to the cat dynamically. The cat will be able to turn the laser on by scratching the scratching post.

Current cat toys move the lasers at random, which means that cats can't actually 'catch' the laser, and the laser doesn't actually react to the cat. Many cats find this boring. The current commercial cat toys also move with no consideration to the layout of furniture in the room. This leads to either limited scope as to where the laser can go so as to avoid furniture, or cats jumping onto furniture and scratching it up in attempts to get to the laser. Our solution is different, because it processes data to map out the room and uses the data to limit its range of motion, reacts to the motion of the cat as it attempts to catch the laser, and can chain together a number of mini routines that are not just random motion.

Schnorr Protocol Key Fob

Michael Gamota, Vasav Nair, Pedro Ocampo

Featured Project

# Schnorr Identification Protocol Key Fob

Team Members:

- Michael Gamota (mgamota2)

- Vasav Nair (vasavbn2)

- Pedro Ocampo (pocamp3)

# Problem

Current car fobs are susceptible to different types of attacks. Rolling jam attacks are one of such attacks where an attacker jams and stores a valid "unlock" signal for later. Cars with passive keys/cards can be stolen using relay attacks. Since a car can be the most expensive item someone owns, it is unreasonable to allow people to steal them so discreetly by hacking the fob/lock combo.

# Solution

By leveraging public key cryptography, specifically the Schnorr identification protocol, it is possible to create a key fob which is not susceptible to either attack (rolling jam and relay) and also gives no information about the private key of the fob if the signal were to be intercepted.

# Solution Components

# Key Fob

## Subsystem 1

Random number generation - We will use a transistor circuit to generate random numbers. This is required by the Schnorr protocol to ensure security.

## Subsystem 2

Microcontroller - The MCU will run all the computation to calculate the messages. We will likely use an ATtiny MCU so we can use the Arduino IDE for programming. However, some group members have experience with the STM32 family so that is another option.

## Subsystem 3

Power - We plan on using either a 5V battery or 3.3V battery with a boost converter to power the fob.

## Subsystem 4

Wireless Communication - We plan on using the 315 MHz frequency band which is currently used by some car fobs. We will need a transmitter and receiver, since the protocol is interactive.

# Lock

## Subsystem 1

Random number generation - We will use a transistor circuit to generate random numbers. This is required by the Schnorr protocol to ensure security.

## Subsystem 2

Microcontroller - This MCU will also run all the computation to calculate the messages. We will likely use an ATtiny MCU so we can use the Arduino IDE for programming. However, some group members have experience with the STM32 family so that is another option. This MCU will need to have PWM output to control the lock.

## Subsystem 3

Linear Actuator - We plan on using a linear actuator as a deadbolt lock for demonstration purposes.

## Subsystem 4

Wireless Communication - We plan on using the 315 MHz frequency band which is currently used by some car fobs. We will need a transmitter and receiver, since the protocol is interactive.

## Subsystem 5

Power - This subsystem will also likely require 5V, but power sourcing is not an issue since this system would be connected to the car battery. During a demo I would be acceptable to have this plugged into a power supply or a barrel jack connector from an AC-DC converter.

# Criterion For Success

Describe high-level goals that your project needs to achieve to be effective. These goals need to be clearly testable and not subjective.

Our first criteria for success is a reasonably sized fob. There is some concern about the power storage and consumption of the fob.

The next criteria for success is communication between the fob and the lock. This will be the first milestone in our design. We will need to have a message sent from one MCU that is properly received by the other, we can determine this in the debug terminal.

Once we are sure that we can communicate between the fob and the lock, we will implement the Schnorr protocol on the two systems, where the fob will act as the prover and the lock as the verifier. If the Schnorr signature implementation is correct, then we will always be able to unlock the lock using the fob whose public key is associated with full privileges.

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