Project

# Title Team Members TA Documents Sponsor
37 Smart Home Conditioning System
 Leo Li
Shuning Zhang
Zhaonan Shi
 Dushyant Singh Udawat design_document2.pdf
final_paper1.pdf
photo1.jpg
photo2.jpg
photo3.jpg
presentation1.pptx
proposal2.pdf
video
# Smart Home Conditioning System
Team Members:
- Haoen Li (haoenli2)
- Shuning Zhang (sz31)
- Zhaonan Shi (zhaonan4)

# Problem
The windows and curtains, which enable the exchange of air, light, and sound, are essential pieces of furniture that maintain the comfortable environment of a house. For people with physical disabilities who often stay at home for a long time, to maintain their mental health, it is particularly important to keep their home in exchange for fresh air and receive mild sunshine which will help them build a connection with nature and the outside world. However, for people with physical disabilities, it might be inconvenient for them to open the windows and curtains when it’s a pleasant day outside or to close them when it rains, fogs, smokes, or when it is too noisy or shiny outside. Therefore, we aim to design a Smart Home Conditioning System that automatically keeps the house in exchange for fresh air and mild sunshine on pleasant days and blocks the unpleasant weather outside for people with disabilities.

# Solution
The Smart Home Conditioning System consists of sensors to detect humidity, temperature, brightness, air quality, and noise levels, and two motors to open/close the window and draw the curtain. The sensor module consists of two subsystems: indoor and outdoor. For the outdoor subsystem, we will have the rain sensor, humidity sensor, and PM2.5 sensor to determine whether it rains, fogs, or smokes outside. For the indoor subsystem, we will have the brightness sensor and noise sensor to measure brightness and noise level. Additionally, we will also have two temperature sensors to measure indoor and outdoor temperatures. When the indoor temperature is lower than a preset value, and the outdoor temperature is high, the microcontroller will tell the motor to open the window. When the indoor temperature is higher than a preset value, and the outdoor temperature is low, the microcontroller will also tell the motor to open the window. In the case when the outdoor temperature is not within a preset range, when it rains, fogs, or smokes, or when it is too shiny or noisy outside, the microcontroller will tell the motors to close the window and draw the curtain. Besides, we will have an ultrasonic sensor for the motor to know whether the window and curtain are closed or opened. To address potential safety problems, we will employ a pressure sensor to detect whether there are any obstacles such as hands or pets between the window and the frame, and stop the motion of the window when necessary. Overall, this Smart Home Conditioning System consists of a sensor module with indoor and outdoor subsystems, a safety module with a pressure sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a microcontroller, a window control module, and a curtain control module.

# Solution Components
## Sensor Module
With sound sensor, humidity and temperature sensor, light sensor, rain detector, and dust sensor, we can measure humidity, temperature, brightness, air quality, and noise. The data would be used to decide the operation of motors.
- Sound Sensor - https://www.makerfabs.com/sound-sensor.html
- Humidity and Temperature Sensor - https://www.smart-prototyping.com/DHT11-Humidity-and-Temperature-Sensor-Module
- Sunlight Sensor - https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/Grove-Sunlight_Sensor/
- Rain Sensor - https://www.amazon.com/HiLetgo-Moisture-Humidity-Sensitivity-Nickeled/dp/B01DK29K28/ref=sr_1_8?keywords=rain+sensor&qid=1674709659&sr=8-8
- Dust Sensor for PM2.5 - https://www.amazon.com/KEYESTUDIO-Particle-Monitor-Arduino-Raspberry/dp/B07B2PFPB5/ref=sr_1_1_sspa?crid=2IZSOXO2TUWC&keywords=dust+sensor+arduino&qid=1674710017&sprefix=dust+sensor+%2Caps%2C88&sr=8-1-spons&psc=1&spLa=ZW5jcnlwdGVkUXVhbGlmaWVyPUEySjVZNktJNUlOMEtEJmVuY3J5cHRlZElkPUEwODY4ODY4M0w3WlZXSUs0OEEyMCZlbmNyeXB0ZWRBZElkPUEwODk3NTU4NDA2MUtXVEpCQUxBJndpZGdldE5hbWU9c3BfYXRmJmFjdGlvbj1jbGlja1JlZGlyZWN0JmRvTm90TG9nQ2xpY2s9dHJ1ZQ==
- Ultrasonic Sensors - https://www.amazon.com/Smraza-Ultrasonic-Distance-Mounting-Duemilanove/dp/B01JG09DCK/ref=sr_1_1_sspa?crid=3THQW59WDTPH4&keywords=ultrasonic+sensor&qid=1674767394&sprefix=ultrasonic+sensor%2Caps%2C98&sr=8-1-spons&psc=1&spLa=ZW5jcnlwdGVkUXVhbGlmaWVyPUExN1lJSTUwV1RJRzFYJmVuY3J5cHRlZElkPUEwMzIxMDE0M1U4MTlFRU43R0VYSiZlbmNyeXB0ZWRBZElkPUEwNjgwMDI0M0FZVUdVR1dXQk1LUiZ3aWRnZXROYW1lPXNwX2F0ZiZhY3Rpb249Y2xpY2tSZWRpcmVjdCZkb05vdExvZ0NsaWNrPXRydWU=

## Safety Module
- Pressure Sensors - Amazon.com: Thin Film Pressure Sensor Flex/Bend Sensor ZD10-100 500g Resistance Type FSR Sensor Thin Film Pressure Sensor Force Sensing Resistor, Force Sensitive Resistor : Industrial & Scientific

## Power and Control Module
In the Smart Home Conditioning System, we will send the data measured by the sensor module to the microcontroller to determine whether opening/closing the window or drawing the curtain will provide a better environment. The power is supplied by a 6V battery and the close/open operation is achieved by DC motors.
- 6V 2000mAh battery - https://www.amazon.com/EMEPOVGY-6V-Connector-Rechargeable-Receivers/dp/B09TKTL8WX/ref=sr_1_53?crid=QNBK0KT6P28H&keywords=6v+battery+arduino&qid=1674710775&sprefix=6v+battary+arduino%2Caps%2C82&sr=8-53
- Customized PCB and microcontroller

## Window Control Module
With instructions sent by the controller, the window would be closed or opened with a DC motor that is powered by a 6V battery.
- DC motor for opening and closing of slide window - https://www.amazon.com/KOOKYE-28BYJ-48-Stepper-ULN2003-Arduino/dp/B019TOJRC4/ref=sr_1_47?crid=38BGIC631XE8Z&keywords=dc+motor+arduino&qid=1674710593&sprefix=6v+dc+motor+ardu%2Caps%2C115&sr=8-47

## Curtain Control Module
With instructions sent by the controller, the curtain would be closed or opened with a DC motor that is powered by a 6V battery.
- DC motor for opening and closing of slide window - https://www.amazon.com/KOOKYE-28BYJ-48-Stepper-ULN2003-Arduino/dp/B019TOJRC4/ref=sr_1_47?crid=38BGIC631XE8Z&keywords=dc+motor+arduino&qid=1674710593&sprefix=6v+dc+motor+ardu%2Caps%2C115&sr=8-47

# Criterion For Success
We hope to realize a system that will automatically open or close the window and the curtain given the change in the environment by collecting data from the sensors and making decisions in the microcontroller. We want to increase the accuracy of the sensors in the detection of different scenarios and achieve the precise movement of the motor. We need to make sure that the power offered by the motor wouldn’t be too large since the battery has a limit and the motor may lead to security problems. At the same time, we want to limit the operating time for the project to make sure that our smart system can respond to the different scenarios as quickly as possible.
Besides from above expectation, we also need to:
- Order the necessary (and backup) motors and sensors ahead of time
- Provide good protection for the different sensors we are using, allow stable usage
- Adjust the motors to have the right speed and position setting
- Keep track of the lab notebook and every code we write
- Good testing and debugging skills

Healthy Chair

Ryan Chen, Alan Tokarsky, Tod Wang

Healthy Chair

Featured Project

Team Members:

- Wang Qiuyu (qiuyuw2)

- Ryan Chen (ryanc6)

- Alan Torkarsky(alanmt2)

## Problem

The majority of the population sits for most of the day, whether it’s students doing homework or

employees working at a desk. In particular, during the Covid era where many people are either

working at home or quarantining for long periods of time, they tend to work out less and sit

longer, making it more likely for people to result in obesity, hemorrhoids, and even heart

diseases. In addition, sitting too long is detrimental to one’s bottom and urinary tract, and can

result in urinary urgency, and poor sitting posture can lead to reduced blood circulation, joint

and muscle pain, and other health-related issues.

## Solution

Our team is proposing a project to develop a healthy chair that aims at addressing the problems

mentioned above by reminding people if they have been sitting for too long, using a fan to cool

off the chair, and making people aware of their unhealthy leaning posture.

1. It uses thin film pressure sensors under the chair’s seat to detect the presence of a user,

and pressure sensors on the chair’s back to detect the leaning posture of the user.

2. It uses a temperature sensor under the chair’s seat, and if the seat’s temperature goes

beyond a set temperature threshold, a fan below will be turned on by the microcontroller.

3. It utilizes an LCD display with programmable user interface. The user is able to input the

duration of time the chair will alert the user.

4. It uses a voice module to remind the user if he or she has been sitting for too long. The

sitting time is inputted by the user and tracked by the microcontroller.

5. Utilize only a voice chip instead of the existing speech module to construct our own

voice module.

6. The "smart" chair is able to analyze the situation that the chair surface temperature

exceeds a certain temperature within 24 hours and warns the user about it.

## Solution Components

## Signal Acquisition Subsystem

The signal acquisition subsystem is composed of multiple pressure sensors and a temperature

sensor. This subsystem provides all the input signals (pressure exerted on the bottom and the

back of the chair, as well as the chair’s temperature) that go into the microcontroller. We will be

using RP-C18.3-ST thin film pressure sensors and MLX90614-DCC non-contact IR temperature

sensor.

## Microcontroller Subsystem

In order to achieve seamless data transfer and have enough IO for all the sensors we will use

two ATMEGA88A-PU microcontrollers. One microcontroller is used to take the inputs and

serves as the master, and the second one controls the outputs and acts as the slave. We will

use I2C communication to let the two microcontrollers talk to each other. The microcontrollers

will also be programmed with the ch340g usb to ttl converter. They will be programmed outside

the board and placed into it to avoid over cluttering the PCB with extra circuits.

The microcontroller will be in charge of processing the data that it receives from all input

sensors: pressure and temperature. Once it determines that there is a person sitting on it we

can use the internal clock to begin tracking how long they have been sitting. The clock will also

be used to determine if the person has stood up for a break. The microcontroller will also use

the readings from the temperature sensor to determine if the chair has been overheating to turn

on the fans if necessary. A speaker will tell the user to get up and stretch for a while when they

have been sitting for too long. We will use the speech module to create speech through the

speaker to inform the user of their lengthy sitting duration.

The microcontroller will also be able to relay data about the posture to the led screen for the

user. When it’s detected that the user is leaning against the chair improperly for too long from

the thin film pressure sensors on the chair back, we will flash the corresponding LEDs to notify

the user of their unhealthy sitting posture.

## Implementation Subsystem

The implementation subsystem can be further broken down into three modules: the fan module,

the speech module, and the LCD module. This subsystem includes all the outputs controlled by

the microcontroller. We will be using a MF40100V2-1000U-A99 fan for the fan module,

ISD4002-240PY voice record chip for the speech module, and Adafruit 1.54" 240x240 Wide

Angle TFT LCD Display with MicroSD - ST7789 LCD display for the OLED.

## Power Subsystem

The power subsystem converts 120V AC voltage to a lower DC voltage. Since most of the input

and output sensors, as well as the ATMEGA88A-PU microcontroller operate under a DC voltage

of around or less than 5V, we will be implementing the power subsystem that can switch

between a battery and normal power from the wall.

## Criteria for Success

-The thin film pressure sensors on the bottom of the chair are able to detect the pressure of a

human sitting on the chair

-The temperature sensor is able to detect an increase in temperature and turns the fan as

temperature goes beyond our set threshold temperature. After the temperature decreases

below the threshold, the fan is able to be turned off by the microcontroller

-The thin film pressure sensors on the back of the chair are able to detect unhealthy sitting

posture

-The outputs of the implementation subsystem including the speech, fan, and LCD modules are

able to function as described above and inform the user correctly

## Envision of Final Demo

Our final demo of the healthy chair project is an office chair with grids. The office chair’s back

holds several other pressure sensors to detect the person’s leaning posture. The pressure and

temperature sensors are located under the office chair. After receiving input time from the user,

the healthy chair is able to warn the user if he has been sitting for too long by alerting him from

the speech module. The fan below the chair’s seat is able to turn on after the chair seat’s

temperature goes beyond a set threshold temperature. The LCD displays which sensors are

activated and it also receives the user’s time input.

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