Individual Progress Report

Description

The Individual Progress Report (IPR) is a chance to put your contributions to the team's progress in writing. The report will discuss not only the components and subsystems you have personally been responsible for, but what components you have helped work on as well. It is important to talk about the relation between your work and your teammates' work as well.

Importantly, we want to see what you have worked on, what works and doesn't, and how you are planning on overcoming your challenges.

Requirements and Grading

This report should be 5-12 pages of your own work. This means that you cannot take full paragraphs or sections from your Design Document, since that was a collaborative effort. The IPR Grading Rubric describes what we look for in grading this assignment. The requirements are expanded on below:

  1. General: Concise writing is encouraged, but it is important that all pertinent information is conveyed. All figures should be labeled and formatted consistently.
  2. Formatting: Please refer to the Final Report Guidelines for general writing guidelines, since the format of this report should be very similar to that of the final report. Note that each component of the Final Report may be tailored to the parts of the project the individual has been active in.
  3. Introduction: First, discuss what portion of the system you have been active in designing connects to which portion of a different subsystem, and how these interact to complete an overall objective. Then discuss what you have accomplished, what you are currently working on, and what you still have left to do.
  4. Design: Discuss the design work you have done so far. It is expected that you have done calculations and/or found relevant equations, created circuits for your parts of the project, and simulated / drawn schematics for your parts. You may have already, at a high level, discussed how your part fits into the rest of the project, but you should expand on the technical details and interface between your module(s) and the other modules of the project.
  5. Verification: Testing and verification is also very important. Make sure you describe each test that was performed and its procedure in detail, and give quantitative, meaningful results. Also describe tests that have yet to be performed. We should be convinced that if all your tests will pass, your part of the project will work.
  6. Conclusion: Discuss a plan and timeline for completing your responsibilities and your project as a whole. Also explain the ethical considerations of your project by consulting the IEEE Code of Ethics, ACM Code of Ethics, or another relevant Code of Ethics.
  7. Citations: You need citations. Cite sources for equations, Application Notes you referenced in your design, and any literature you used to help design or verify your work. If you checked something from another course's lecture slides, Google'd for things related to your project, or anything similar, then you have something you need to cite. At the very least, since you have talked about the ethical considerations of your project as it relates to a published code of ethics (e.g., IEEE or ACM), you should cite those!

Submission and Deadlines

The IPR should be submitted on Blackboard in PDF format by the deadline listed on the Course Calendar.

Miniaturized Breath Sensors

Rui Cai, Yiyang Chen, Qiaozhi Huang, Yingzhuo Wang

Featured Project

## Group Member:

- Yiyang Chen[yiyangc5];

- Rui Cai[ruic2] ;

- Yinzhuo Wang[yw28];

- Qiaozhi Huang[qiaozhi2]

## Problem

Flow monitoring is crucial in many applications. We want to build a miniaturized breath sensor system that can monitor asthma.

## Solution Overview

In this wearable respiratory monitoring device, a new fluid measurement device, similar in principle to a traditional hotline, will be used to collect real-time data on a person's breathing rate. In contrast to the traditional hotline, materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes are used as probes which is much more robust and have lower TCR(temperature coefficient of resistance). This material--graphene fiber (GF) will be welded into Wheatstone bridge and the voltage output of GF will demonstrate the velocity of air flow by controlling the temperature of the GF. Then, we will use filter to eliminate noise of the signal and do Fourier Transform to demonstrate the frequency of respiration. After that, this signal can be sent to smartphone. With previous training data online, we can analyze the signal of respiration and conclude the probability of asthma. We plan to use a mobile app to show users breathing data, summarize the data and make recommendations. We will use Bluetooth for data transmission.

## Solution Components

### Flow Sensor System

The resistance of a specific material changes at different temperatures, and the flow sensor system's control circuit measures the change in resistance to achieve constant temperature control of the sensor probe. In the thermostatically controlled fluid sensor subsystem, the heat carried by the fluid at different speeds through the sensor probe is the same as the heat provided by the compensation circuit, so that the fluid flow rate can be accurately measured. Graphene and carbon nanotubes are widely used in these sensor probes, and sensor probes using pencil and paper have recently been proposed as a new type of sensor probe. The processing of sensor probes is challenging and there are advantages and disadvantages to various methods, including soldering and metal clamping, and we are trying to design a small, low-cost and robust sensor probe.

### Circuit

The circuit of our design consists of three sections: Wheatstone Bridge, Amplifier, and Feedback control. We need to adjust the resistance of the Wheatstone Bridge to construct and balance a working space for GF sensor. As it states in previous, the flow would change the GF material’s resistance, thus create a voltage difference on both sides of the Wheatstone Bride. This difference will be amplified by the operational amplifier, and the voltage regulator will change the excitation voltage on the Wheatstone Bridge in order to keep the temperature of GF stable. The difficulty of our design come from the feedback control design. One possible way is to use transistors. In addition, if we want to eliminate the environmental temperature effect, specific temperature compensation measure should be implemented, such as add a temperature sensor in another Wheatstone Bridge. The circuit should keep the GF temperature stable and output the voltage change, this output signal will transfer to next section and be processed and analysed.

### Signal Processing and Analysis

First, we must use filter to eliminate noise of signal. As we all know, the high frequency noise can have a negative influence on the signal, which does harm to our analysis of asthma. Therefore, we must do FFT on signal we get from circuit and use high frequency filter to eliminate certain noise. Second, to calculate the probability of asthma, we must collect training data of respiration online. These data can be used to do machine learning. With those training data, the signal can be analysed easily.

### Result

Visualization Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) features Low power consumption and faster transmission speeds. Therefore, we choose BLE to transmit data to mobile phone on this wearable respiratory monitoring device that requires long battery life and only a small amount of data transfer. We're also going to keep the interface simple and add analysis function to the app.

## Criterion of success

- Wearable and Miniaturized In the current study, wearability and miniaturization directly determine the industrialization potential of this new type of sensor. The portability of the product will help to achieve 24/7 patient health monitoring. Therefore, the development of wearable and miniaturized health monitors is considered as one of the criteria to measure the success of the product.

- Comfortable and Flexible Flexible sensors that conform to human science will significantly improve the comfort of wearing the product and determine the user's willingness to wear it. Flexibility and comfort are one of the goals of the product.

- Environment Friendly Environmental protection is becoming an increasingly important issue to be addressed today. The development of environment-friendly sensors is the goal of this research. Conventional biosensors will inevitably use environmentally hazardous materials such as plastic. this study will use degradable materials, such as paper, instead of plastic for product development.

- Low Cost Low-cost respiratory health monitors facilitate product penetration and daily use.

- Reliable and Stable As a medical product, the reliability of the product determines the safety of the life of the target object. A highly reliable and high-performance respiratory monitoring device can effectively guarantee the occurrence of accidents.

## Distribution of Work

Yiyang Chen (ME), Rui Cai (EE) and Qiaozhi Huang (ME) will be responsible for the construction of the fluid sensors, the design of the wearable device, the design and debugging of the circuitry, which are closely linked and we agree that there is no need for an overly clear distribution of work, Rui Cai will lead the development and fabrication of the circuitry. Yingzhuo Wang (ME) will be responsible for the development of the wireless Bluetooth data transmission technology, the visualization of the monitoring results and the implementation of the interactive functions.