Ethical Guidelines

University of Illinois trained engineers are the best and most highly sought in the world. Our graduates are superbly trained, highly competent, and creative. This, however, is not enough. Our engineers must also be trusted to conduct themselves according to the highest ethical standards. All teams must address ethical considerations in their projects. This requirement has two parts.

First, there is a stringent Code of Ethics published by professional societies, such as IEEE and ACM. The power of these Codes of Ethics is to provide guidance to engineers in decision making and to lend the weight of the collective community of engineers to individuals taking a stand on ethical issues. Thus the Code of Ethics both limits the professional engineer and empowers the professional engineer to stand firm on fundamental ethical bedrock. All teams must read the IEEE code and ACM code and comment on any sections of the code that bear directly on the project.

Second, we expect our students to have personal standards of conduct consistent with the IEEE and ACM Codes of Ethics, but also beyond it. That is, there are areas of ethics not addressed by these Codes that the engineer may consider in taking on projects or jobs or making other professional decisions. These are personal standards and choices. In the context of the class, there are no right or wrong answers here. Our students simply need to demonstrate that they are thinking deeply about their own decisions and the consequences of those decisions. We encourage our students to consider the wider impact of their projects and address any concerns raised by potential uses of the project. Students should ask themselves, "Would I be comfortable having my name widely attached to this project? Do I want to live in a society where this product is available or widely used? Would I be proud of a career dominated by the decision making demonstrated here?" Remember that UIUC engineers have a long history of inventions that really has changed the world.

If the students feel that these Codes of Ethics does not directly bear on their project and that there are no other reasonable concerns, they should not invent issues where there are none. Students will still be expected to be familiar with the IEEE Code of Ethics and ACM Code of Ethics.

Miniaturized Breath Sensors

Rui Cai, Yiyang Chen, Qiaozhi Huang, Yingzhuo Wang

Featured Project

## Group Member:

- Yiyang Chen[yiyangc5];

- Rui Cai[ruic2] ;

- Yinzhuo Wang[yw28];

- Qiaozhi Huang[qiaozhi2]

## Problem

Flow monitoring is crucial in many applications. We want to build a miniaturized breath sensor system that can monitor asthma.

## Solution Overview

In this wearable respiratory monitoring device, a new fluid measurement device, similar in principle to a traditional hotline, will be used to collect real-time data on a person's breathing rate. In contrast to the traditional hotline, materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes are used as probes which is much more robust and have lower TCR(temperature coefficient of resistance). This material--graphene fiber (GF) will be welded into Wheatstone bridge and the voltage output of GF will demonstrate the velocity of air flow by controlling the temperature of the GF. Then, we will use filter to eliminate noise of the signal and do Fourier Transform to demonstrate the frequency of respiration. After that, this signal can be sent to smartphone. With previous training data online, we can analyze the signal of respiration and conclude the probability of asthma. We plan to use a mobile app to show users breathing data, summarize the data and make recommendations. We will use Bluetooth for data transmission.

## Solution Components

### Flow Sensor System

The resistance of a specific material changes at different temperatures, and the flow sensor system's control circuit measures the change in resistance to achieve constant temperature control of the sensor probe. In the thermostatically controlled fluid sensor subsystem, the heat carried by the fluid at different speeds through the sensor probe is the same as the heat provided by the compensation circuit, so that the fluid flow rate can be accurately measured. Graphene and carbon nanotubes are widely used in these sensor probes, and sensor probes using pencil and paper have recently been proposed as a new type of sensor probe. The processing of sensor probes is challenging and there are advantages and disadvantages to various methods, including soldering and metal clamping, and we are trying to design a small, low-cost and robust sensor probe.

### Circuit

The circuit of our design consists of three sections: Wheatstone Bridge, Amplifier, and Feedback control. We need to adjust the resistance of the Wheatstone Bridge to construct and balance a working space for GF sensor. As it states in previous, the flow would change the GF material’s resistance, thus create a voltage difference on both sides of the Wheatstone Bride. This difference will be amplified by the operational amplifier, and the voltage regulator will change the excitation voltage on the Wheatstone Bridge in order to keep the temperature of GF stable. The difficulty of our design come from the feedback control design. One possible way is to use transistors. In addition, if we want to eliminate the environmental temperature effect, specific temperature compensation measure should be implemented, such as add a temperature sensor in another Wheatstone Bridge. The circuit should keep the GF temperature stable and output the voltage change, this output signal will transfer to next section and be processed and analysed.

### Signal Processing and Analysis

First, we must use filter to eliminate noise of signal. As we all know, the high frequency noise can have a negative influence on the signal, which does harm to our analysis of asthma. Therefore, we must do FFT on signal we get from circuit and use high frequency filter to eliminate certain noise. Second, to calculate the probability of asthma, we must collect training data of respiration online. These data can be used to do machine learning. With those training data, the signal can be analysed easily.

### Result

Visualization Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) features Low power consumption and faster transmission speeds. Therefore, we choose BLE to transmit data to mobile phone on this wearable respiratory monitoring device that requires long battery life and only a small amount of data transfer. We're also going to keep the interface simple and add analysis function to the app.

## Criterion of success

- Wearable and Miniaturized In the current study, wearability and miniaturization directly determine the industrialization potential of this new type of sensor. The portability of the product will help to achieve 24/7 patient health monitoring. Therefore, the development of wearable and miniaturized health monitors is considered as one of the criteria to measure the success of the product.

- Comfortable and Flexible Flexible sensors that conform to human science will significantly improve the comfort of wearing the product and determine the user's willingness to wear it. Flexibility and comfort are one of the goals of the product.

- Environment Friendly Environmental protection is becoming an increasingly important issue to be addressed today. The development of environment-friendly sensors is the goal of this research. Conventional biosensors will inevitably use environmentally hazardous materials such as plastic. this study will use degradable materials, such as paper, instead of plastic for product development.

- Low Cost Low-cost respiratory health monitors facilitate product penetration and daily use.

- Reliable and Stable As a medical product, the reliability of the product determines the safety of the life of the target object. A highly reliable and high-performance respiratory monitoring device can effectively guarantee the occurrence of accidents.

## Distribution of Work

Yiyang Chen (ME), Rui Cai (EE) and Qiaozhi Huang (ME) will be responsible for the construction of the fluid sensors, the design of the wearable device, the design and debugging of the circuitry, which are closely linked and we agree that there is no need for an overly clear distribution of work, Rui Cai will lead the development and fabrication of the circuitry. Yingzhuo Wang (ME) will be responsible for the development of the wireless Bluetooth data transmission technology, the visualization of the monitoring results and the implementation of the interactive functions.