Project

# Title Team Members TA Documents Sponsor
47 Design of a Mechatronic Physical Road-Crossing Game System
Tianxi Zhu
Yuxuan Liu
Zhuo Li
Zihao Wu
design_document1.pdf
final_paper1.pdf
final_paper2.pdf
# Problem

Most games today exist only in digital environments such as computers or mobile devices. While these games are entertaining, they do not demonstrate how mechanical systems, electronic circuits, sensors, and control systems interact in real physical systems.

For students studying mechatronics and embedded systems, building a physical interactive system provides a better understanding of how hardware and control systems work together.

The challenge is to design a system that coordinates multiple moving vehicles, detects collisions, and responds to player inputs while maintaining stable operation. The system should also be mechanically simple and reliable enough to operate repeatedly during demonstrations.

To address this challenge, we propose a physical road-crossing game system in which a player-controlled vehicle attempts to cross a simulated road while avoiding moving traffic vehicles.


# Solution Overview

The proposed system is a physical game platform that integrates mechanical structures, electronic circuits, sensors, and a microcontroller control system.

The platform represents a road environment. Several traffic vehicles move across the road along fixed tracks using motor-driven mechanisms. These vehicles simulate moving traffic and act as obstacles.

The player controls a small vehicle that attempts to cross the road from a starting position to a goal area. During the game, sensors monitor the positions of vehicles and detect collisions.

If the player vehicle collides with a traffic vehicle, the system registers a failure condition. If the player reaches the goal safely, the system registers a successful crossing.

A microcontroller coordinates all system operations including motor control, sensor monitoring, and game logic.


# Solution Components

The system is composed of several subsystems that together implement the road-crossing game.

## Subsystem I: Player Vehicle Control

- **Hardware I.a – Motor Drive**
A DC motor or servo motor drives the movement of the player vehicle.

- **Hardware I.b – User Input Interface**
Buttons or simple control inputs allow the player to control the vehicle.


## Subsystem II: Traffic Vehicle Motion

- **Hardware II.a – Motorized Traffic Vehicles**
Multiple vehicles move along fixed tracks across the road using DC motors.

- **Hardware II.b – Mechanical Track Structure**
A rail or track guides the motion of the traffic vehicles.


## Subsystem III: Collision Detection

- **Hardware III.a – Collision Sensors**
Sensors such as infrared sensors or contact switches detect collisions between vehicles.


## Subsystem IV: System Control

- **Hardware IV.a – Microcontroller Controller**
A microcontroller manages motor control, sensor input, and overall game logic.

# Criterion for Success

- Traffic vehicles move smoothly along their tracks in at least **8 out of 10 trials** without mechanical failure.

- The player vehicle responds correctly to user inputs and can cross the road.

- The collision detection system correctly detects collisions between vehicles.

- The system correctly determines game success or failure.

- All mechanical, electronic, and control subsystems operate together as a complete mechatronic system.

A Micro-Tribotester to Characterize the Wear Phenomenon

Shuren Li, Boyang Shen, Sirui Wang, Ze Wang

A Micro-Tribotester to Characterize the Wear Phenomenon

Featured Project

**Problem**

Many research efforts have been made to understand the complex wear mechanisms used to reduce wear in sliding systems and thus reduce industrial losses. To characterize the wear process, coefficient of friction needs to be measured “not only after completion of the wear test but also during the wear test to understand the transitional wear behavior that led to the final state”.(Penkov) In order to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of these research methods, it is necessary to improve the instrument used to characterize the wear phenomenon to better measure the friction coefficient of the material. Although the instrument can be applied on all solid samples, we will use silicon wafer coated with SiO2 as our specimen targeted object.

**Solution Overview**

The objective of the experiment is to evaluate the wear phenomenon of the sample during the sliding test so as to obtain the wear information of the material. We will design planar positioning and force sensing system to get the move and force information of our objects. To collect the data of vertical load and horizontal friction, 2 force sensors are mounted on linear rails to minimize the radial force and ensure that only the axial forces are collected. Then, the coefficient of friction can be calculated by equation:

![](https://courses.grainger.illinois.edu/ece445zjui/pace/getfile/18615)

And to determine the relationship between the coefficient of friction and the state of wear, we use a microscope to monitor the state of wear at a given location in the wear track and evaluate the wear process during each sliding cycle. In this way, we can investigate the wear transition processes with respect to the sliding distance then transport our data to a computer. Finally, we will design our data processing method in the computer to successfully obtain an acceptable result in the margin error.

**Solution Components**

1. Motion Platform: This subsystem includes a linear actuator that moves the sample in reciprocating motion along X-axis, a stationary counter surface that applies constant vertical load onto the sample, and another actuator that compresses the spring and provides a vertical load to the counter sample.

2. Specimen and Counter surface: We will test the wear and friction between the specimen and the counter surface during the sliding test. A 10 × 10 mm^2 silicon (Si) wafer coated with 50 nm thick SiO2 will be used as the specimen and a stainless-steel ball with a diameter of 1 mm was used as the counter surface.

3. Sensors: This subsystem includes two force sensors that measure the vertical load and horizontal friction. The Load Sensor should assemble along with the Z-axis actuator. To measure the friction without the effect of load, we assemble the Load Sensor and Friction Sensor sensor on the Linear Rails, as the photo attached shows. Since the sensors are strain gauges and only outputs, small changes in resistance, amplifiers, and ADC are needed to collect the signal and send converted data to the computer.

4. Data Processing: This subsystem includes acquiring raw data of load and friction on the computer, applying necessary filters to reduce noise and improve accuracy, and plotting the result that reflects the relationship between the sliding cycles and coefficient of friction for our sample.

![](https://courses.grainger.illinois.edu/ece445zjui/pace/getfile/18611)

**Criterion for Success**

1. Motion platform can perform precise reciprocation. The control system can effectively control the number and speed of reciprocating motion.

2. The acquisition unit can collect data effectively and can transfer the data that can be processed to the computer.

3. On a computer, the raw data can be processed into a readable graph based on algorithms set up. By analyzing the graph, the relationship between the data and the expected results can be correctly obtained.

**References**

Penkov OV, Khadem M, Nieto A, Kim T-H, Kim D-E. Design and Construction of a Micro-Tribotester for Precise In-Situ Wear Measurements. Micromachines. 2017; 8(4):103. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi8040103