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Supporting lines

We want to minimize an objective under a constraint. A Lagrange multiplier gives a lower bound on the constrained minimum. Move the multiplier to see how the bound is constructed and when it becomes exact.

Primal problem
minimizef0(x)
subject tof1(x) ≀ 0
Dual lower bound
𝓛(x, y) = f0(x) + y f1(x)
g(y) = infx 𝓛(x, y),   y β‰₯ 0
The minimization defining g(y) is unconstrained. Every feasible point has f1 ≀ 0, so g(y) ≀ p⋆.

Constraint–cost planex ↦ (f₁(x), fβ‚€(x))
Supporting linet = 0.438 βˆ’ 0.500u
feasibleinfeasiblesupporting line
Dual functiondrag the red marker to change y
Optimize the multiplierg(y) = y βˆ’ yΒ²/4
Change the multiplier
Multiplier y
Dual bound g(y)
Primal value p⋆
Best dual bound d⋆
Current gap p⋆ βˆ’ g(y)
Minimizer of 𝓛(Β·, y)