For the last MP, you will implement a simple HTTP web server - an application that almost every company in the world runs. The web server should be able to respond to any page request, given that the requested page is stored locally (i.e., on the same system in which the server is running). You can use any web browser (such as Firefox ) as a client for your HTTP web server.
In this MP, you will create a program that:
Since the web browser can only understand HTTP packets, you need to understand the basics of how HTTP works. When a web browser requests a page, it sends an HTTP request to the web server. The HTTP request has the following format:
GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:11.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/11.0
Accept: */*
Connection: Keep-Alive
This HTTP packet notifies the web server of what file the web browser has requested. The web server will then serve the file to the web browser, which it will display on the requestor's screen.
You should only modify a single file to complete this MP: server.c. However, we have provided you with a dictionary and queue library that you have used in previous MPs.
You will always supply the port number when running your program. Since ports are shared globally on each system, it's important to choose a port number that someone else probably won't be using. Therefore, port numbers like 1234, 1111, or 777 are generally a bad idea since multiple people may choose to use the same port number. Your program should be ran by using a command like the following (with a unique port number, of course):
./server 1979
Instead of interacting with the command line, you will use a web brwoser to connect to your MP. Instructions to do this is at the bottom of this page.
Create a socket to listen for incoming TCP connections based on the port specified by the command line. Make certain to check for an error in the call of bind(), as this call will fail if someone is using the same port as you. You should use a backlog of 10.
Keep in mind that when you Ctrl+C your program, you'll find that you won't free your port for up to a minute. This means that you may need to change the port number if you're restarting your server right after terminating it.
System calls: socket(), bind(), listen()
Continuously accept incoming connections, launching a new thread for each connection.
System calls: accept(), pthread_create()
In the worker thread for each of the connections, read the entire HTTP request header. An HTTP request header ends with the four characters \r\n\r\n. For example, the entire sample request header from a Firefox web browser is:
GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nYou should NOT assume that the entire header will be read in one call to recv(). You need to keep recv()'ing on the buffer until you reach \r\n\r\n. For small requests, one call will be enough; for large requests, it will take multiple calls. To perform this step, you may want to implement your own parsing algorithm or use the provided libhttp library detailed here.
Host: google.com\r\n
Connection: close\r\n
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:11.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/11.0\r\n
Accept-Encoding: gzip\r\n
Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,UTF-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7\r\n
Cache-Control: no-cache\r\n
Accept-Language: de,en;q=0.7,en-us;q=0.3\r\n
\r\n
System call: recv()
Parse the HTTP request header line-by-line. The first line of the HTTP request header, often called the "request line", should be passed into the helper function we provide to you, process_http_header_request(). All other lines should be stored in an accessible way (maybe the libhttp or the dictionary will be helpful?).
Prepare the HTTP response. This may be one of three things:
If the file is exactly /, it should be processed as /index.html. When accessing any file that is requested by the user, you should load the file inside the "web" directory of your current folder. That is, a request to /myfile.html should result in an fopen() call web/myfile.html.
If the file that is requested does not exist on disk, you should return a 404 response. For 404 and 501 responses, we have prepared the entire response body text for you in the variables HTTP_404_CONTENT and HTTP_501_CONTENT. If the file that is requested does exist on disk, the response body text will be the entire contents of the file.
Determine the content-type of the response. For 404 and 501 requests, the content type will always be text/html. For 200 requests, you need to examine the file name. Using the following list as a reference:
Send an HTTP response back to the user. Your response must include a "response line", the headers Content-Type, Content-Length, and Connection header, and the content itself.
The response line must be of the format HTTP/1.1 200 OK. This can be done with:
sprintf(..., "HTTP/1.1 %d %s", response_code, response_code_string);The response_code variable is set by you in Task 3c. The response_code_string should be either the global variable HTTP_200_STRING, HTTP_404_STRING, or HTTP_501_STRING depending on your response code (you will notice we provide these for you at the top of server.c).
The header Content-Type must match what is set in Task 3d. The Content-Length must be the length of the content you will be sending (either the string we provide for you in 404 and 501 cases, or the length of the file, e.g. 200 B). Finally, if the request packet contains a Connection (case sensitive) header and if the Connection header matches Keep-Alive (case insensitive, use strcasecmp() instead of strcmp()), you must contain a Connection: Keep-Alive line in your response header. If the request packet does not contain Connection: Keep-Alive (either because Connection is not in the request or because the value is not Keep-Alive), you must contain a Connection: close line in your response header.
Just like the request, every line in the HTTP header must be separated by \r\n and the last line must contain an empty line. After the empty line to end the header, the content of the packet should be added.
Therefore, if the file that is requested contains the string "Hello World!", is an HTML file, and you're running on a "Keep-Alive" connection, your response needs to be:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n
Content-Type: text/html\r\n
Content-Length: 12\r\n
Connection: Keep-Alive\r\n
\r\n
Hello World!
System call: send()
Finally, if the connection is to be kept alive (see Task 3e), you should begin to recv() again by repeating 3a-3f. If the connection is closed, you should close the socket and exit the thread.
Catch the SIGINT signal (Ctrl+C on the keyboard). Upon catching a SIGINT signal, you should close() any open sockets, free all the memory in use, and exit from the server. (If your SIGINT handler is broken and you can't exit your program, you can use Ctrl+\ to send a SIGQUIT. A SIGQUIT will terminate your program.)
System call: signal() or sigaction(), close()
To run your program, run the following commands:
%> make
%> ./server <port#> ...where <port#> is a port number.
Note:
1. When choosing your <port#>, choose a number above 1023
and below 60000. Making your number random (eg: not 1234, 2000, etc)
will help avoid choosing a port used by another user.
2. Since ports are
shared globally, your bind() call will fail if someone else is already
using your port. If this happens, wait a few seconds and then try again. If bind still fails, choose a new port.
There are three ways to run the client (i.e., the web browser).
wget -d http://linux#.ews.illinois.edu:<port#>/
We have populated your web/ folder with few html files. Use these files as well as any other test file you'd like to use to verify your webserver.